{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:49:01Z","timestamp":1790729341367,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although many studies have investigated the association between trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure and non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (NHL), less is known about other chlorinated solvents. We extended our previous analysis of occupational TCE exposure in a multicentre population-based case-control study of NHL to investigate associations with five additional chlorinated solvents: 1,1,1,-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride and perchloroethylene.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cases (n=1189) and controls (n=982) provided detailed information on their occupational histories and workplace exposure to chlorinated solvents for selected occupations using job-specific interview modules. An industrial hygienist used this information and a review of the literature to assess occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents. We computed ORs and 95% CIs for different exposure metrics, with the unexposed group as the referent. We also computed ORs by NHL subtype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>High cumulative hours exposed to carbon tetrachloride was associated with NHL (&gt;520 hours: OR 1.9; 95%\u2009CI 1.0 to 3.6; P<jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>=0.04). This association remained after restricting to jobs with high-intensity exposure (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.8; P=0.03) and \u226590%\u2009exposure probability (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0 to 4.3; P=0.03), adjusting for TCE (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0\u2013 to 4.1; P=0.04) and incorporating a 15-year lag (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6; P=0.06). The other evaluated chlorinated solvents were not associated with NHL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study using high-quality quantitative exposure assessment methods to identify a statistically significant elevated association between occupational exposure to carbon tetrachloride and NHL. Our findings, although limited by a small number of exposed cases, offer evidence that carbon tetrachloride may be a lymphomagen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T16:15:22Z","timestamp":1522167322000},"page":"415-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Case-control investigation of occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents and non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Catherine L","family":"Callahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa C","family":"Friesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Locke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneclaire J","family":"De Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R","family":"Cerhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard K","family":"Severson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P","family":"Purdue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050723010151000_75.6.415.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620701301763"},{"key":"2020050723010151000_75.6.415.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620802510866"},{"key":"2020050723010151000_75.6.415.3","unstructured":"Trichloroethylene I . 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