{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T02:29:42Z","timestamp":1768444182108,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Few studies have evaluated associations between pesticides and hyperthyroidism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated associations between specific pesticides and incident hyperthyroidism in private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for associations between pesticide use at enrolment and hyperthyroidism (n=271) in 35\u2009150 applicators (mostly men), adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ever use of several pesticides (organophosphate insecticide malathion, fungicide maneb\/mancozeb, herbicides dicamba, metolachlor, and atrazine in overall sample and chlorimuron ethyl among those \u226462 years) was associated with reduced hyperthyroidism risk, with HRs ranging from 0.50 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.83) for maneb\/mancozeb to 0.77 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.00) for atrazine. Hyperthyroidism risk was lowest among those with higher intensity-weighted lifetime days of using carbofuran and chlorpyrifos (p<jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub> \u22640.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observed associations between pesticides and decreased risk of hyperthyroidism warrant further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2018-105518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T22:24:17Z","timestamp":1551133457000},"page":"332-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pesticide use and incident hyperthyroidism in farmers in the Agricultural Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Srishti","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine G","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Whitney S","family":"Goldner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Freya","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Umbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary H","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine C","family":"Lerro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5294-5485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella","family":"Koutros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura E","family":"Beane Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dale P","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050723131405000_76.5.332.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.05.006","article-title":"Exposure to non-persistent pesticides and thyroid function: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence","volume":"219","author":"Campos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"2020050723131405000_76.5.332.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104431"},{"key":"2020050723131405000_76.5.332.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp404"},{"key":"2020050723131405000_76.5.332.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.05.041","article-title":"Incident thyroid disease in female spouses of private pesticide applicators","volume":"118","author":"Shrestha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2020050723131405000_76.5.332.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00278-6","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism","volume":"388","author":"De Leo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020050723131405000_76.5.332.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.96104362"},{"key":"2020050723131405000_76.5.332.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shrestha S , Parks CG , Goldner WS , et al . Pesticide use and incident hypothyroidism in pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. 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