{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:44:44Z","timestamp":1780548284440,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001445","name":"Alex\u2019s Lemonade Stand Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001445","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only a small number of studies have reported on the association of parental occupational exposure to benzene and risk of childhood and adolescent leukaemias. We examined associations with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in this population-based study in Denmark.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Benzene was largely banned from Danish workplaces after 1975, thus this case-control study focused on the immediately prior years. Paediatric cancer cases (&lt;age 20) were ascertained from the Danish Cancer Registry among children born 1968\u20131974, and controls were selected from population records. Paternal occupation within the 3 months preconception and maternal pregnancy occupation were identified from nationwide pension fund records. Blinded, we assigned benzene exposure using a job-exposure matrix that had been developed for the Danish population. Risk for ALL was estimated using conditional logistic regression. In an exploratory analysis, we also examined other cancers with at least five case parents exposed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 217 employed case fathers and 169 employed case mothers, of which 22 (10.1%) and 11 (6.5%), respectively, were exposed to benzene (vs 6.7% and 2.9% of control fathers and mothers). Most exposed parents worked as machine or engine mechanics, or in the shoe industry. Maternal occupational exposure to benzene in pregnancy was related to increased risk of ALL in offspring (adjusted OR=2.28, 95%\u2009CI 1.17 to 4.41), while paternal preconceptional benzene exposure was not as strongly associated (adjusted OR=1.40, 95%\u2009CI 0.88 to 2.22).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study supports an increased risk for ALL with parental occupational benzene exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-105738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T21:24:16Z","timestamp":1559078656000},"page":"527-529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Parental occupational exposure to benzene and the risk of childhood and adolescent acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8713-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia E","family":"Heck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuelma Arellano","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rn","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnni","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.1","unstructured":"IARC Monographs Program. Benzene. WHO Press: Lyon, 2018."},{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7707"},{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.3","first-page":"783","article-title":"Parental occupational exposure to hydrocarbons and risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia in offspring","volume":"8","author":"Shu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.06.047","article-title":"A task-based assessment of parental occupational exposure to organic solvents and other compounds and the risk of childhood leukemia in California","volume":"151","author":"Metayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.07.022","article-title":"Parental occupational exposure to benzene and the risk of childhood cancer: A census-based cohort study","volume":"108","author":"Spycher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2017.06.010","article-title":"Parental age and childhood cancer risk: a Danish population-based registry study","volume":"49","author":"Contreras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394716"},{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860902718747"},{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-015-0707-0","article-title":"Exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of childhood cancer: a study using the Danish national registers","volume":"27","author":"Momen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1164"},{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.11","unstructured":"Rostgaard T , Christoffersen MN , Weise H . Parental leave in Denmark. In: Moss P , Deven F , eds. Parental leave: progress or pitfall? Research and policy issues in Europe. Brussels: NIDI\/CBGS Publications, 1999."},{"key":"2020050723134647000_76.8.527.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046002","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP4381","article-title":"Association between outdoor air pollution and childhood leukemia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Filippini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2019-105738","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T07:59:59Z","timestamp":1601107199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2019-105738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oemed-2019-105738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2019-105738","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]]}}}