{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:24:38Z","timestamp":1792038278478,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]],"date-time":"2020-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577923200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States Fire Administration"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To update the mortality experience of a previously studied cohort of 29\u2009992 US urban career firefighters compared with the US general population and examine exposure-response relationships within the cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vital status was updated through 2016 adding 7\u2009years of follow-up. Cohort mortality compared with the US population was evaluated via life table analyses. Full risk-sets, matched on attained age, race, birthdate and fire department were created and analysed using the Cox proportional hazards regression to examine exposure-response associations between select mortality outcomes and exposure surrogates (exposed-days, fire-runs and fire-hours). Models were adjusted for a potential bias from healthy worker survivor effects by including a categorical variable for employment duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the US population, mortality from all cancers, mesothelioma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and cancers of the oesophagus, intestine, rectum, lung and kidney were modestly elevated. Positive exposure-response relationships were observed for deaths from lung cancer, leukaemia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This update confirms previous findings of excess mortality from all cancers and several site-specific cancers as well as positive exposure-response relations for lung cancer and leukaemia. New findings include excess NHL mortality compared with the general population and a positive exposure-response relationship for COPD. However, there was no evidence of an association between any quantitative exposure measure and NHL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-105962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]],"date-time":"2020-01-02T22:15:18Z","timestamp":1578003318000},"page":"84-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Mortality in a cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia: an update"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8669-487X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne","family":"Pinkerton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J","family":"Bertke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Yiin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Dahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Kubale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Purdue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J","family":"Beaumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3915-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.1","first-page":"9","article-title":"IARC Working group on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. painting, firefighting, and shiftwork","volume":"98","year":"2010","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120305","article-title":"Mortality due to malignant and non-malignant diseases in Korean professional emergency responders","volume":"10","author":"Ahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22068"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22434","article-title":"French firefighter mortality: analysis over a 30-year period","volume":"58","author":"Amadeo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102671"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-104088"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2015-103467"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22891","article-title":"Surveillance of cancer risks for firefighters, police, and armed forces among men in a Canadian census cohort","volume":"61","author":"Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-017-1276-1","article-title":"Cancer incidence in Stockholm firefighters 1958\u20132012: an updated cohort study","volume":"91","author":"Kullberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22918","article-title":"Excess mortality among Indiana firefighters, 1985-2013","volume":"61","author":"Muegge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-018-1323-6","article-title":"Mortality in a cohort of Danish firefighters; 1970\u20132014","volume":"91","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104660"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101803"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22466"},{"key":"2024110804401755000_77.2.84.15","unstructured":"Crawford JO , Winski T , McElvenny D , et al . 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