{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:59:58Z","timestamp":1792000798079,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013594","name":"Alpha Foundation for the Improvement of Mine Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AFC113-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AFC113-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The natural history of coal workers\u2019 pneumoconiosis (CWP) after cessation of exposure remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We characterised the development of and progression to radiographic progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) among former US coal miners who applied for US federal benefits at least two times between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2013. International Labour Office classifications of chest radiographs (CXRs) were used to determine initial and subsequent disease severity. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify major predictors of disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3351 former miners applying for benefits without evidence of PMF at the time of their initial evaluation had subsequent CXRs. On average, these miners were 59.7 years of age and had 22 years of coal mine employment. At the time of their first CXR, 46.7% of miners had evidence of simple CWP. At the time of their last CXR, 111 miners (3.3%) had radiographic evidence of PMF. Nearly half of all miners who progressed to PMF did so in 5 years or less. Main predictors of progression included younger age and severity of simple CWP at the time of initial CXR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides further evidence that radiographic CWP may develop and\/or progress absent further exposure, even among miners with no evidence of radiographic pneumoconiosis after leaving the industry. Former miners should undergo regular medical surveillance because of the risk for disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-106466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T18:07:17Z","timestamp":1597169237000},"page":"748-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Progression of coal workers\u2019 pneumoconiosis absent further exposure"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8405-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten S","family":"Almberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee S","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecile S","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard H T","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7141-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1286LE"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6549a1","article-title":"Resurgence of Progressive Massive Fibrosis in Coal Miners - Eastern Kentucky, 2016","volume":"65","author":"Blackley","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.08.005","article-title":"The classic pneumoconioses: new epidemiological and laboratory observations","volume":"33","author":"Laney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201804-261OC","article-title":"Progressive massive fibrosis resurgence identified in U.S. coal miners filing for black lung benefits, 1970-2016","volume":"15","author":"Almberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.18444","article-title":"Progressive massive fibrosis in coal miners from 3 clinics in Virginia","volume":"319","author":"Blackley","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.019679"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.063594"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1080\/15298669291360012","article-title":"An investigation into the relationship between coal workers' pneumoconiosis and dust exposure in U.S. coal miners","volume":"53","author":"Attfield","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowie RL , Becklake MR . Pneumoconioses. In: Murray and Nadel\u2019s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Elsevier, 2016: 1307\u201330.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00073-7"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-1014OC"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-104249"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.12","unstructured":"United States Department of Labor . U.S. Department of Labor \u2013 Office of Workers\u2019 Compensation Programs (OWCP) - Division of Coal Mine Workers\u2019 Compensation (DCMWC) - Guide to Filing for Black Lung Benefits: Miner\u2019s Claim. Available: https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/owcp\/dcmwc\/filing_guide_miner.htm [Accessed 14 Aug 2017]."},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.13","unstructured":"International Labour Office, editor . Guidelines for the use of the ILO International classification of radiographs of pneumoconioses. Revised edition 2011. Geneva: International Labour Office, 2011."},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.14","unstructured":"SAS Institute, Inc . SAS. Cary, NC, 2011."},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001084","article-title":"Linking compensation and health surveillance data sets to improve knowledge of US coal miners' health","volume":"59","author":"Almberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.2990","article-title":"Progression of pneumoconiosis in coal miners after cessation of dust exposure: a longitudinal study based on periodic chest X-ray examinations in Hokkaido, Japan","volume":"49","author":"Kimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.17","first-page":"734","article-title":"Progressive massive fibrosis and simple pneumoconiosis in ex-miners","volume":"42","author":"Maclaren","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.18","unstructured":"Francois P , Prevost JM , Courtois G . Pneumoconiosis of delayed apparition: large scaled screening in a population of retired coal miners of the northern coal fields of France. In: Proceedings of the VIIth: International Pneumoconioses Conference Part II. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH), 979\u201384. Available: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/docs\/90-108\/ [Accessed 4 Dec 2011]."},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.19","first-page":"336","article-title":"Pneumoconiosis prevalence among working coal miners examined in federal chest radiograph surveillance programs--United States, 1996\u20132002","volume":"52","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700270113"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22974","article-title":"Respirable coal mine dust in underground mines, United States, 1982\u20132017","volume":"62","author":"Doney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024110804401789000_77.11.748.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2017.09.010","article-title":"Respirable coal mine dust characteristics in samples collected in central and Northern Appalachia","volume":"182","author":"Johann-Essex","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Coal Geol"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2020-106466","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T07:40:55Z","timestamp":1731051655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2020-106466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oemed-2020-106466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2020-106466","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]}}}