{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T06:46:22Z","timestamp":1775976382866,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1ZIACP010136-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1ZIACP010136-24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occupational asbestos exposure is causally linked to mesothelioma. However, whether exposure to only chrysotile asbestos is associated with mesothelioma risk, and the heterogeneity in risk by different fibre types\/lengths remains unclear. We investigated whether mesothelioma risk differs among workers exposed to only chrysotile asbestos compared with chrysotile and \u22651 amphibole (ie, amosite, tremolite, anthophyllite and crocidolite) over the working lifetime.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed next-of-kin interview data including occupational histories for 580 white men (176 cases and 404 controls) from a case\u2013control study of mesothelioma conducted in the USA in 1975\u20131980. Asbestos exposure was determined by an occupational hygienist using a job-exposure matrix and exposure categories included chrysotile only and nine chrysotile\u2013amphibole mixtures. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs of mesothelioma, comparing each asbestos category to the unexposed group, adjusted for age at death and data source. Analysis of contrasts was used to assess overall heterogeneity and pair-wise differences in risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to long and short chrysotile only was associated with increased mesothelioma risk compared with the unexposed (OR=3.8 (95% CI 1.3 to 11.2)). The complex mixture of extra-long amosite, short and long chrysotile, tremolite and anthophyllite was associated with the highest risk (OR=12.8 (95% CI 4.1 to 40.2)). There was evidence for overall heterogeneity among the asbestos exposure categories (p heterogeneity=0.02). However, the lower risk observed for exposure to chrysotile only compared with the complex mixture was not significant (p difference=0.10).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that policies aimed at regulating asbestos should target both pure chrysotile and mixtures that include amphibole.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-106665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T21:21:15Z","timestamp":1603315275000},"page":"199-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mesothelioma risk among those exposed to chrysotile asbestos only and mixtures that include amphibole: a case\u2013control study in the USA, 1975\u20131980"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2820-2133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason Y Y","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra T","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Malignant mesothelioma mortality \u2014 United States, 1999\u20132015","volume":"66","author":"Mazurek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030531","article-title":"Trends and the economic effect of asbestos bans and decline in asbestos consumption and production worldwide","volume":"15","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1145","article-title":"Incidence trends and gender differences in malignant mesothelioma in New South Wales, Australia","volume":"33","author":"Hyland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.4","first-page":"491","article-title":"Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an epidemiological perspective","volume":"1","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.5","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer . Arsenic, Metals, Fibres, and Dusts IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans 2012:100C."},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10263"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.2.179"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23071","article-title":"Mortality and mesothelioma incidence among chrysotile asbestos miners in Balangero, Italy: a cohort study","volume":"63","author":"Ferrante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22985","article-title":"Quantitative relationships of exposure to chrysotile asbestos and mesothelioma mortality","volume":"62","author":"Loomis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0206TR"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.51.12.804"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20168"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10473220301459"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.2.158","article-title":"The amphibole hypothesis of asbestos-related cancer--gone but not forgotten","volume":"86","author":"Cullen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2024110805001755000_78.3.199.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440802273156"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2020-106665","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T13:01:45Z","timestamp":1731070905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2020-106665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oemed-2020-106665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2020-106665","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]}}}