{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:40:30Z","timestamp":1787017230293,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","funder":[{"name":"Ontario's Ministry of Labour, Training and Skills Development","award":["14-R-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-R-29"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1516-HQ-000066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1516-HQ-000066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined employment in mining occupations and industries and its association with neurological disease incidence in a linkage cohort from Ontario, Canada. Outcomes included Alzheimer\u2019s disease (alone and with other dementias), Parkinson\u2019s disease, parkinsonism, motor neuron disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Occupational Disease Surveillance System cohort was created by linking workers\u2019 compensation data and healthcare usage records. This analysis included over 1.1\u2009million male workers, followed between 1999 and 2016. Neurological diseases were ascertained using physician billing and hospital discharge records. Adjusted Poisson regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (RR) comparing mining to non-mining workers overall and by ore (industry) and occupation group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suggested elevations in incidence rates were observed for ALS among workers of metal mines (RR 2.21, 95%\u2009CI 1.04 to 4.69) and for motor neuron disease among those employed in mining occupations within metal mining industries (RR 1.96, 95%\u2009CI 1.01 to 3.79), though these were based on relatively few cases. In miscellaneous metal mines, workers who held mining occupations had an elevated rate of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (RR 1.27, 95%\u2009CI 0.92 to 1.77). Parkinson\u2019s disease rate was elevated among workers with rock and soil drilling occupations (RR 1.60, 95%\u2009CI 1.04 to 2.45).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mining hazards may be associated with elevated rates of neurodegenerative diseases among workers in mining occupations and industries. More work is needed to better understand mining exposures and their associations with neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-106958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T18:40:50Z","timestamp":1606243250000},"page":"385-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neurodegenerative diseases among miners in Ontario, Canada, using a linked cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1813-1159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoke","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan L","family":"DeBono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria H","family":"Arrandale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Demers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024110804501037000_78.6.385.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"18","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2024110804501037000_78.6.385.2","unstructured":"Canadian Institute for Health Information . The burden of neurological diseases, disorders and injuries in Canada. Ottawa: CIHI, 2007."},{"key":"2024110804501037000_78.6.385.3","unstructured":"Demers PA . Role of occupational studies in expanding our knowledge of environmental carcinogens International Society of exposure science and the International Society for environmental epidemiology joint annual meeting (ISES-ISEE). 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Toronto, Ontario: Industrial Disease Standards Panel (IDSP), 1994."},{"key":"2024110804501037000_78.6.385.13","unstructured":"Muller J , Wheeler WC , Gentleman JF . Study of mortality of Ontario miners 1955-1977, Part I: Ontario Ministry of Labour, Ontario Workers\u2019 Compensation Board. Atomic Energy Control Board of Canada, 1983."},{"key":"2024110804501037000_78.6.385.14","unstructured":"Natural Resources Canada . Minerals and metals fact books 2012-2017. Ottawa, Ontario: Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), 2017."},{"key":"2024110804501037000_78.6.385.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104926"},{"key":"2024110804501037000_78.6.385.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2018-105667"},{"key":"2024110804501037000_78.6.385.17","unstructured":"CAPS-Canada . An online tool to assist in coding of occpations and economic sectors. Available: https:\/\/ssl3.isped.u-bordeaux2.fr\/CAPS-CA\/Langue.aspx"},{"key":"2024110804501037000_78.6.385.18","unstructured":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Health System Information Management and Investment Division, Health Analytics Branch . The health analyst\u2019s toolkit. Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Health System Information Management and Investment Division, Health Analytics Branch, 2012."},{"key":"2024110804501037000_78.6.385.19","unstructured":"Canadian Institute for Health Information . Canadian coding standards for ICD-10-CA and CCI Canadian coding standards evolution chronicle. Available: https:\/\/secure.cihi.ca\/estore\/productSeries.htm?locale=en&pc=PCC189&_ga=2.134122698.574603051.1600712258-1585166381.1600712258"},{"key":"2024110804501037000_78.6.385.20","unstructured":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care . Resource manual for physicians: 4.15 diagnostic codes. 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