{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T09:33:15Z","timestamp":1769074395250,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) individuals are often subjected to negative attitudes in the workplace, which may lead to non-disclosure of their sexual orientation and\/or gender identities. We aimed to determine the prevalence of workplace disclosure of sexual or gender identity (ie, \u2018outness\u2019; being \u2018out\u2019) and to examine its associations with workplace characteristics in LGBTI workers in Austria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study analysed sociodemographic, work-related and well-being-related data from self-identifying gender and\/or sexual minority participants elicited by an online questionnaire between February and June 2017. From the initial 1268 respondents, 1177 (93%) provided complete data and were included in the subsequent analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The largest proportion of the sample were 26\u201335 years old (39.1%), cisgender gay men (40.0%) in full-time employment (63.9%). Overall, 51.7% of the sample were \u2018out\u2019 at the workplace. Being bisexual (OR=0.46, 95%\u2009CI 0.27 to 0.81), the provision of antidiscrimination guidelines in the workplace (OR=0.53, 95%\u2009CI 0.32 to 0.90), living alone (OR=0.50, 95%\u2009CI 0.32 to 0.79) and in shared households (OR=0.49, 95%\u2009CI 0.25 to 0.96) were associated with a decreased likelihood of being \u2018out\u2019 at work.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Factors associated with being \u2018out\u2019 at work were being middle aged (36\u201345 years old; OR=1.74, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.85), having been in employment for &gt;10 years (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.81), an LGBTI-friendly work environment (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.91), labour-management antidiscrimination contract (OR=2.02, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.32) and work council protections (OR=1.56, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.36).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Instating antidiscrimination protections might facilitate \u2018outness\u2019 of LGBTI workers and lead to a better promotion of diversity in the workplace.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-107345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T18:58:25Z","timestamp":1622055505000},"page":"10-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Associations between workplace characteristics and \u2018outness\u2019 in LGBTI workers in Austria"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2055-7538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lovro","family":"Markovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sch\u00f6nherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Zandonella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Gil-Salmeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daragh","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5218-1160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas E","family":"Dorner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"M\u00fces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Grabovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024110805201862000_79.1.10.1","unstructured":"Pew Research Center . 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