{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:05:17Z","timestamp":1768586717631,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR000154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 ES11810-06A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 ES11810-06A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human leukocyte antigen-DP beta 1 (HLA-DPB1) with a glutamic acid at the 69th position of the \u00df chain (E69) genotype and inhalational beryllium exposure individually contribute to risk of chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and beryllium sensitisation (BeS) in exposed individuals. This retrospective nested case\u2013control study assessed the contribution of genetics and exposure in the development of BeS and CBD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workers with BeS (n=444), CBD (n=449) and beryllium-exposed controls (n=890) were enrolled from studies conducted at nuclear weapons and primary beryllium manufacturing facilities. Lifetime-average beryllium exposure estimates were based on workers\u2019 job questionnaires and historical and industrial hygienist exposure estimates, blinded to genotype and case status. Genotyping was performed using sequence-specific primer-PCR. Logistic regression models were developed allowing for over-dispersion, adjusting for workforce, race, sex and ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Having no E69 alleles was associated with lower odds of both CBD and BeS; every additional E69 allele increased odds for CBD and BeS. Increasing exposure was associated with lower odds of BeS. CBD was not associated with exposure as compared to controls, yet the per cent of individuals with CBD versus BeS increased with increasing exposure. No evidence of a gene-by-exposure interaction was found for CBD or BeS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk of CBD increases with E69 allele frequency and increasing exposure, although no gene by environment interaction was found. A decreased risk of BeS with increasing exposure and lack of exposure response in CBD cases may be due to the limitations of reconstructed exposure estimates. Although reducing exposure may not prevent BeS, it may reduce CBD and the associated health effects, especially in those carrying E69 alleles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2021-107736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T17:25:34Z","timestamp":1631899534000},"page":"120-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["HLA-DPB1 E69 genotype and exposure in beryllium sensitisation and disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Crooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret M","family":"Mroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"VanDyke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8694-9035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin C","family":"McCanlies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M Abbas","family":"Virji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D","family":"Rosenman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Rossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Monos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasha E","family":"Fingerlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6872-1769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa A","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e318161783f"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198907000-00011"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.3","first-page":"267","article-title":"Beryllium disease screening in the ceramics industry. blood lymphocyte test performance and exposure-disease relations","volume":"35","author":"Kreiss","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199607)30:1<16::AID-AJIM3>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.54.8.605"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200100237"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000139872.80118.bd"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20140"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20059"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7845"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8105536"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.3.1647","article-title":"Differential susceptibilities to chronic beryllium disease contributed by different Glu69 HLA-DPB1 and -DPA1 alleles","volume":"163","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.5.3549"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.6.2104002"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.12.6910"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20045"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3192"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.056481"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201002-0254OC"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.064220"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001766"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.22","unstructured":"Energy.gov . Former Worker Medical Screening Program [Web Page]. Available: https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/ehss\/services\/worker-health-and-safety\/former-worker-medical-screening-program"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.23","unstructured":"Energy.gov . 2013 Beryllium-Associated Worker Registry Summary [Web Page], 2014. Available: https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/ehss\/downloads\/2013-beryllium-associated-worker-registry-summary"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.24","unstructured":"Beryllium Biobank and opportunities for research. A103 health services research and administrative databases. p. A2314-A."},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.055046"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(91)90300-D"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201409-1722ST"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20736"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1998.tb02946.x"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200798"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000805"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200103000-00011"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200402-190OC"},{"key":"2024120316000790000_79.2.120.34","unstructured":"(OSHA) DoLOSaHA . Occupational exposure to beryllium. Federal Register Government Publishing Office, 2017: 2470\u2013757."}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2021-107736","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:01:05Z","timestamp":1733270465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2021-107736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oemed-2021-107736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2021-107736","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]}}}