{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:40:30Z","timestamp":1787017230247,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether engineering controls and respiratory protection had measurable short-term impact on indium exposure and respiratory health among current indium-tin oxide production and reclamation facility workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We documented engineering controls implemented following our 2012 evaluation and recorded respirator use in 2012 and 2014. We measured respirable indium (In\n                      <jats:sub>resp<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and plasma indium (In\n                      <jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in 2012 and 2014, and calculated change in In\n                      <jats:sub>resp<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\u2206In\n                      <jats:sub>resp<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and In\n                      <jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\u2206In\n                      <jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) by the 13 departments. We assessed symptoms, lung function, serum biomarkers of interstitial lung disease (Krebs von den Lungen (KL)-6 and surfactant protein (SP)-D) and chest high-resolution CT at both time points and evaluated workers who participated in both 2012 and 2014 for changes in health outcomes (new, worsened or improved).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Engineering controls included installation of local exhaust ventilation in both grinding departments (Rotary and Planar) and isolation of the Reclaim department. Respiratory protection increased in most (77%) departments. \u2206In\n                      <jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub>\n                      and \u2206In\n                      <jats:sub>resp<\/jats:sub>\n                      often changed in parallel by department. Among 62 workers participating in both 2012 and 2014, 18 (29%) had new or worsening chest symptoms and 2 (3%) had functional decline in lung function or radiographic progression, but average KL-6 and SP-D concentrations decreased, and no cases of clinical indium lung disease were recognised.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Increased engineering controls and respiratory protection can lead to decreased In\n                      <jats:sub>resp<\/jats:sub>\n                      , In\n                      <jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub>\n                      and biomarkers of interstitial lung disease among workers in 2\u2009years. Ongoing medical monitoring of indium-exposed workers to confirm the longer-term effectiveness of preventive measures is warranted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2021-107897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T13:35:46Z","timestamp":1649770546000},"page":"550-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Two-year follow-up of exposure, engineering controls, respiratory protection and respiratory health among workers at an indium-tin oxide (ITO) production and reclamation facility"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0548-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R Reid","family":"Harvey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Abbas","family":"Virji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brie H","family":"Blackley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia L","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce C","family":"Trapnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenna","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrance","family":"Healey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5422-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin J","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-010-0575-6"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1880"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22402"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00020306"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22125"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2484"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206380"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30255-3"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200907-1022CR"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201407-346OC"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22585"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.12","unstructured":"Hawley B , Gibbs JL , Cummings K . A field evaluation of a single sampler for respirable and inhalable indium and dust measurements at an indium-tin oxide manufacturing facility. J Occup Environ Hyg 2018:1\u201330."},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.2.493"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-103685"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2016-0015"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2017.1333548"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101927"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.55123"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12050"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.20","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in an indium-processing worker","volume":"123","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22661"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22689"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.23","unstructured":"ACGIH . Indium Tin Oxide: TLV(R) Chemical Substances. 7th Edition. Cincinnati, OH: Documentation, 2019."},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.11-0233-OA"},{"key":"2023100119350502000_79.8.550.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2013.836279"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2021-107897","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T22:35:44Z","timestamp":1696199744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2021-107897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oemed-2021-107897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2021-107897","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.742030836.793592935","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]}}}