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The purpose of this study was to calculate standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for cancer and compare them to assess whether use of the different measures could be a source of inconsistencies in findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Norwegian Fire Departments Cohort, comprising 4295 male employees who worked at 15 fire departments across Norway, was linked to health outcome registries for the period 1960\u20132018. SIRs and SMRs were derived using national reference rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, we observed elevated incidence of colon cancer (SIR, 95% CI 1.27, 1.01 to 1.58), mesothelioma (2.59, 1.12 to 5.11), prostate cancer (1.18, 1.03 to 1.34) and all sites combined (1.15, 1.08 to 1.23). Smaller, non-significant elevations were found for mortality of colon cancer (SMR, 95% CI 1.20, 0.84 to 1.67) and mesothelioma (1.66, 0.34 to 4.86), while SMR for prostate cancer was at unity. Potential errors were observed in some of the mortality data, notably for mesothelioma cases. Among those who died of cancer, 3.7% (n=14) did not have a prior diagnosis of malignancy at the same site group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assessment of incidence or mortality did not greatly influence the interpretation of results. The most prominent differences in SIR and SMR appeared to be due to inconsistencies between sites of cancer diagnosis and cause of death. The difference in SIR and SMR for prostate cancer suggested a detection bias from differential screening practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2022-108331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T17:52:11Z","timestamp":1653328331000},"page":"736-743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of cancer incidence and mortality in the Norwegian Fire Departments Cohort, 1960\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3618-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niki","family":"Marjerrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7687-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarle","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Demers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom K","family":"Grimsrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johnni","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Ivar","family":"Martinsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl-Christian","family":"Nordby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marit B","family":"Veier\u00f8d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Kj\u00e6rheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050500501366000_79.11.736.1","first-page":"764","volume-title":"Painting, firefighting, and shiftwork: IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans","volume":"98","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023050500501366000_79.11.736.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-020-01539-0","article-title":"Cancer risks of firefighters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of secular trends and region-specific differences","volume":"93","author":"Casjens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2023050500501366000_79.11.736.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32199"},{"key":"2023050500501366000_79.11.736.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0336-z","article-title":"Prostate cancer in firefighting and police work: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies","volume":"16","author":"Sritharan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"2023050500501366000_79.11.736.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101662"},{"key":"2023050500501366000_79.11.736.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.1097"},{"key":"2023050500501366000_79.11.736.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116431","article-title":"Cancer identification using a tumor registry versus death certificates in occupational cohort studies in the United States","volume":"136","author":"Demers","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023050500501366000_79.11.736.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104660"},{"key":"2023050500501366000_79.11.736.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-018-1323-6","article-title":"Mortality in a cohort of Danish firefighters; 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