{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T21:22:06Z","timestamp":1773177726472,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research\n Council of Norway","award":["280431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["280431"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate if adding motivational interviewing (MI) or a stratified\n vocational advice intervention (SVAI) to usual case management (UC),\n reduced sickness absence over 6 months for workers on sick leave due to\n musculoskeletal disorders.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a three-arm parallel pragmatic randomised controlled\n trial including 514 employed workers (57% women, median age 49 (range\n 24\u201366)), on sick leave for at least 50% of their contracted work hours\n for \u22657 weeks. All participants received UC. In addition, those\n randomised to UC+MI were offered two MI sessions from social insurance\n caseworkers and those randomised to UC+SVAI were offered vocational\n advice from physiotherapists (participants with low\/medium-risk for\n long-term sickness absence were offered one to two sessions, and those\n with high-risk were offered three to four sessions).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Median sickness absence was 62 days, (95% CI 52 to 71) in the UC arm\n (n=171), 56 days (95% CI 43 to 70) in the UC+MI arm (n=169) and 49 days\n (95% CI 38 to 60) in the UC+SVAI arm (n=169). After adjusting for\n predefined potential confounding factors, the results showed seven fewer\n days in the UC+MI arm (95% CI \u221215 to 2) and the UC+SVAI arm (95% CI \u221216\n to 1), compared with the UC arm. The adjusted differences were not\n statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The MI-NAV trial did not show effect on return to work of adding MI\n or SVAI to UC. The reduction in sickness absence over 6 months was\n smaller than anticipated, and uncertain due to wide CIs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n NCT03871712<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2022-108637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T17:59:08Z","timestamp":1685469548000},"page":"42-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effectiveness of adding motivational interviewing or a stratified\n vocational advice intervention to usual case management on return to work\n for people with musculoskeletal disorders: the MI-NAV randomised controlled\n trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"80","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03871712","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct52269669","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3284-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Aanesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8243-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margreth","family":"Grotle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2630-4136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarjei Langseth","family":"Rysstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1701-9835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Therese","family":"Tveter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6985-3827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Tingulstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9656-2398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida","family":"L\u00f8chting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8947-8649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milada C","family":"Sm\u00e5stuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7589-8471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurits W","family":"van Tulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6915-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rigmor","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4429-9756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine E","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0283-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwenllian","family":"Wynne-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-0551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gail","family":"Sowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0980-8247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egil","family":"Fors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6079-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunnhild","family":"Bag\u00f8ien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1824-6271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6887-6901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kjersti","family":"Storheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0547-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britt Elin","family":"\u00d8iestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.2","unstructured":"Sundell T . Utviklingen I sykefrav\u00e6ret, 4 kvartal\n 2019. the development of sick leave, 4th quater 2019. The Norwegian\n Labour and Welfare Administration, 2020."},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2017.03.020","article-title":"Economic losses and burden of disease by medical conditions in Norway","volume":"121","author":"Kinge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00115677-200109070-00001"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-021-09975-6","article-title":"Systematic review of the impact on return to work of return-to-work coordinators","volume":"31","author":"Dol","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3233\/JVR-170914","article-title":"Promising and evidence-based practices in vocational rehabilitation: results of a national Delphi study","volume":"48","author":"Leahy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vocat Rehabil"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.7","unstructured":"Miller WR , Rollnick S . Motivational interviewing.\n helping people change. 3 ed. New York: The Guilford Press,\n 2013."},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2011.635661"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.10.021","article-title":"The Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing in Adults With Chronic Pain: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"17","author":"Alperstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000318","article-title":"Motivational interviewing, enhancement, and brief interventions over the last decade: a review of reviews of efficacy and effectiveness","volume":"31","author":"DiClemente","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.11","unstructured":"Flodgren GM , Berg R . Motivational interviewing as a\n method to facilitate return to work: a systematic review. Oslo:\n Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 2017."},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-020-09892-0","article-title":"Motivational interviewing and return to work for people with musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic mapping review","volume":"31","author":"Aanesen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001075","article-title":"Effectiveness and costs of a vocational advice service to improve work outcomes in patients with musculoskeletal pain in primary care: a cluster randomised trial (swap trial ISRCTN 52269669)","volume":"159","author":"Wynne-Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1503735","article-title":"Is there really a \"golden hour\" for work disability interventions? 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Available:\n http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3275-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3275-7"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-015-9596-z","article-title":"Early workplace communication and problem solving to prevent back disability: results of a randomized controlled trial among high-risk workers and their supervisors","volume":"26","author":"Linton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.06.003","article-title":"Motivational interviewing improves sustainable return to work in injured workers after rehabilitation: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Gross","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-017-9712-3","article-title":"Motivational interviewing for workers with disabling musculoskeletal disorders: results of a cluster randomized control trial","volume":"28","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8382-9","article-title":"Sick-listed workers\u2019 experiences with motivational interviewing in the return to work process: a qualitative interview study","volume":"20","author":"Foldal","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4804-8","article-title":"Positive experiences of a vocational rehabilitation intervention for individuals on long-term sick leave, the Dirigo project: a qualitative study","volume":"17","author":"Anders\u00e9n","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2023053009073197000_80.1.42.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000267","article-title":"The impact of motivational interviewing training on rehabilitation counselors: assessing working alliance and client engagement. 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