{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:15:19Z","timestamp":1779902119714,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health and Safety Executive (HSE) of Great Britain","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute irritant asthma is a preventable health consequence of a workplace exposure and has a number of adverse outcomes. While cases and case series are reported, little is known about the causes and incidence of this condition over prolonged periods of time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to estimate the reported incidence of irritant asthma referred to a national reporting scheme, and how this has changed over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cases of irritant asthma reported to SWORD, the UK-based Surveillance of Work-related Occupational Respiratory Diseases scheme, were grouped into four 5-year time periods from 1999 onwards. Likely causative exposures, job, work sector and incidence rates were analysed over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>307 actual cases equated to 1066 estimated cases; actual cases had a mean age of 46 years (SD 17.8); 70.7% were male. The annual incidence fell from 1.98 per million employed in the first 5-year period, to 0.56 in the most recent. Eleven occupational codes were associated with six or more attributed cases, and between them accounted for 38% of all cases. Thirteen exposure categories were associated with five or more cases. These were formaldehyde (n=5), cutting oils and coolants (n=6), isocyanates (n=6), pesticides and herbicides (n=6), welding fumes (n=7), paints (n=7), solder and colophony (n=7), solvents (n=9), fuel oil, diesel and ill-defined fumes (n=10), chlorine and hypochlorites (n=15), acids (n=23), smoke (n=25) and cleaning products and sterilising agents (n=39).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While the incidence of irritant asthma may have fallen, cases are persistently attributed to well-described causes. A persistence of cases attributed to cleaning agents was seen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2023-108884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T17:20:36Z","timestamp":1695921636000},"page":"553-557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Irritant asthma and work: cases from the UK SWORD reporting scheme from 1999 to 2018"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5941-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Fishwick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Carder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8030-1908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ireny","family":"Iskandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth Charlotte","family":"Fishwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1205-1898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martie","family":"van Tongeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.1","unstructured":"SWORD (COEH - University of Manchester) . SWORD - surveillance of work-related and occupational respiratory disease (SWORD) website; SWORD. n.d. Available: https:\/\/sites.manchester.ac.uk\/thor\/thor-uk-reporting-schemes\/sword\/"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2018-105414"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-103838"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2021-107947"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.88.3.376"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqn013"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqaa133","article-title":"Updated review of reported cases of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome","volume":"70","author":"Walters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200810-1550OC"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.9","unstructured":"SIC 2003 codes. Available: https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/methodology\/classificationsandstandards\/ukstandardindustrialclassificationofeconomicactivities\/uksicarchive [Accessed 25 Jan 2023]."},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.10","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics . SOC2000 codes. SOC 2000. Available: ons.gov.uk [Accessed 25 Jan 2023]."},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.11","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics . Time series: employment release date. 2016. Available: http:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/employmentandlabourmarket\/peopleinwork\/employmentandemployeetypes\/timeseries\/mgrz [Accessed 5 Aug 2021]."},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxac079","article-title":"Main causal agents of occupational asthma in France, reported to the national network for occupational disease vigilance and prevention (Rnv3P) 2001-2018","volume":"67","author":"Lucas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2018-105646"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.06.045","article-title":"Irritant-induced asthma","volume":"10","author":"Lemiere","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqq164"},{"key":"2023100507551385000_80.10.553.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07654-7","article-title":"Diagnostic work-up of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction","volume":"280","author":"Giraud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2023-108884","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T14:56:23Z","timestamp":1696517783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2023-108884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oemed-2023-108884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2023-108884","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]}}}