{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:49:04Z","timestamp":1789019344284,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Certain workers are at increased risk for acquiring Legionnaires\u2019 disease compared with other workers. This study aims to identify occupations at increased risk for acquiring Legionnaires\u2019 disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Using data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u2019s Supplemental Legionnaires\u2019 Disease Surveillance System, this study identified Legionnaires\u2019 disease confirmed patients \u226516 years of age in 39 states with reported symptom onset during 2014\u20132016. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) stratified by occupation group were calculated by comparing Legionnaires\u2019 disease patients in an occupation group (eg, transportation) to those in all other occupation groups (eg, non-transportation).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 2553 patients had a known occupation group. The two occupations with the highest burden were transportation (N=287; IRR=2.11) and construction (N=269; IRR=1.82). Truck drivers comprised the majority (69.7%) of the transportation occupation group and construction labourers comprised almost half (49%) of the construction occupation group. The healthcare support occupation had the highest IRR (N=75; IRR=2.16).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Transportation and construction workers, who are generally not covered by guidance related to building water systems, have increased risk of Legionnaires\u2019 disease compared with other workers. One hypothesised risk factor for truck drivers is the use of non-genuine windshield cleaner in their vehicles. A simple intervention is to use genuine windshield cleaner with bactericidal properties (ie, includes isopropanol\/methanol) which can reduce the risk of\n Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n growth and transmission. To improve surveillance of Legionnaires\u2019 disease and identification of similar exposures, the authors encourage the collection of occupation and industry information for all patients with Legionnaires\u2019 disease.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2023-109108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T13:25:44Z","timestamp":1708003544000},"page":"163-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Legionnaires\u2019 disease in transportation, construction and other occupations in 39 US jurisdictions, 2014\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9079-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurel","family":"Harduar Morano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1655-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bozena M","family":"Morawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn T A","family":"Herzig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Edens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert E","family":"Barskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E","family":"Luckhaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.04.013"},{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.09.018","article-title":"Legionellosis in the occupational setting","volume":"152","author":"Principe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.06.024"},{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.03.122"},{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2804.210814","article-title":"Vehicle windshield Wiper fluid as potential source of sporadic Legionnaires' disease in commercial truck drivers","volume":"28","author":"Politi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.6","unstructured":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists . Public health reporting and national notification for Legionellosis. position statement no. 09-ID-45. Atlanta, GA: Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists; 2005. Available: www.cste.org\/resource\/resmgr\/PS\/09-ID-45.pdf [Accessed 12 Nov 2022]."},{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.7","unstructured":"CDC . Legionnaires\u2019 disease surveillance summary report, United States 2014\u20132015. Atlanta, GA National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC; 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/legionella\/health-depts\/surv-reporting\/2014-15-surv-report-508.pdf [Accessed 5 Nov 2023]."},{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burton N , Cincinnati AS , NIOSH . Preventing occupational exposure to Legionella. OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2019-131; doi:10.26616\/NIOSHPUB2019131","DOI":"10.26616\/NIOSHPUB2019131"},{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22293"},{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9471-3"},{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17062168","article-title":"Water management for construction: evidence for risk characterization in community and healthcare settings: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Scanlon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024080118101996000_81.3.163.12","unstructured":"Sieber K , Mobley A , Albert A , et al . Commercial vehicle operators and Legionnaires\u2019 disease. NIOSH science Blog; 2022. Available: https:\/\/blogs.cdc.gov\/niosh-science-blog\/2022\/05\/10\/legionnaires-truckers\/ [Accessed 7 Sep 2022]."}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2023-109108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T21:11:09Z","timestamp":1722546669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2023-109108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oemed-2023-109108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2023-109108","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]}}}