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Excess lifetime mortality risks were calculated using a life table procedure that applies an exposure response to time-dependent PFOA serum levels for a surviving hypothetical population from ages 20 to 85. Both occupational and general population exposures were described as serum levels, and as air and drinking water concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The estimated occupational inhalation concentrations conferring the benchmark one-per-thousand lifetime risk were 0.21 \u00b5g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>for chronic kidney disease, 1.0 \u00b5g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>for kidney cancer and (from the two studies) 0.67 and 1.97 \u00b5g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>for chronic liver disease. Specific excess lifetime risks estimated in the general population at current PFOA serum levels (~ 1\u2009ng\/mL) range 1.5\u201332 per 100\u2009000 which corresponds to drinking water concentrations of less than 10 ppt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over eight outcome risk estimates, the serum PFOA concentrations conferring 1\/1000 occupational lifetime risk ranged 44 to 416\u2009ng\/mL corresponding to air concentrations ranging 0.21 to 1.99\u2009\u00b5g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. The analyses provide a preliminary PFOA quantitative risk assessment for liver and kidney disease mortality which, together with reported assessments for several other end-points, would inform policy on PFAS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2023-109228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T05:15:21Z","timestamp":1721279721000},"page":"373-380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Risk assessment for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in air, blood serum and water: mortality from liver and kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5849-8292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert M","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024082000250657000_81.7.373.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0099-9","article-title":"Guideline levels for PFOA and PFOS in drinking water: the role of scientific uncertainty, risk assessment decisions, and social factors","volume":"29","author":"Cordner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024082000250657000_81.7.373.2","unstructured":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) . 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