{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:31:31Z","timestamp":1790443891397,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim was to examine exposure\u2013response relations between occupational hand exposures and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and to compare the relation between surgery-treated and non-surgery-treated CTS. The secondary aim was to study sex-specific differences in exposure\u2013response relations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study of all persons born in Denmark (1945\u20131994). During follow-up (2010\u20132013), we identified first-time events of CTS. Occupational hand exposure estimates the year before each follow-up year were obtained by linking individual occupational codes with a job exposure matrix. We used multivariable logistic regression equivalent to discrete survival analysis based on sex and surgery. The excess fraction of cases was calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For both sexes, exposure\u2013response relations were found for all occupational hand exposures. Among men, we found OR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>of 3.6 (95% CI 3.2 to 3.8) for hand-related force, 2.9 (95% CI 2.5 to 3.2) for repetitive hand movements, 3.8 (95% CI 2.7 to 5.2) for non-neutral hand posture and 2.5 (95% CI 2.2 to 2.7) for hand-arm vibration in the highest exposure groups. For combined exposure (hand load), OR<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>was 3.5 (95% CI 3.1 to 4.0). Slightly higher ORs<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>were generally found for surgery-treated CTS compared with non-surgery-treated CTS for both sexes. When comparing sex, somewhat higher ORs<jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>were found among men. The excess fraction was 42%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occupational hand exposures carried a 3-5-fold increased risk of CTS with slightly higher risks for surgery-treated compared with non-surgery-treated CTS. Even though CTS occurs more frequently among women, somewhat higher exposure\u2013response relations were found for men compared with women. In the general working population, a substantial fraction of first-time CTS could be related to occupational hand exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2024-109568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T17:20:28Z","timestamp":1724088028000},"page":"417-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Carpal tunnel syndrome and occupational hand exposures: a Danish nationwide cohort 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