{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T05:11:45Z","timestamp":1741237905142,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Ontario Workplace Safety & Insurance Board","award":["LONG2018","MUST2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LONG2018","MUST2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross-sectional analysis, we explored how return-to-work (RTW) experiences and postinjury pain are associated with opioid use after a workplace injury\/illness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workers with accepted lost-time claims, compensated by the workers\u2019 compensation board in Ontario, Canada were interviewed by telephone 18 months following a work-related physical injury\/illness. Participants were asked about their past-year opioid use, current pain, RTW timing and workplace accommodations. Separate logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association between two independent variables and opioid use: one combining the presence of pain with workplace accommodation and a second combining the presence of pain with RTW timing, adjusted for sociodemographic, work, injury and health covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1793 participants included in the analysis, 35.6% used opioids more than once in the past 12 months. Compared with those who did not return to work too soon and had no\/mild pain, odds of opioid use were higher among those with severe pain, both those who returned too soon (OR 2.90, 95% CI 2.11 to 3.99) and those who did not return too soon (OR 3.01, 95% CI 2.16 to 4.19). Compared with those who had an offer of accommodation and no\/mild pain, workers with severe pain and an accommodation offer (OR 2.78, 95% CI 2.16 to 3.57) or without an offer (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.90 to 3.81) had increased odds of reporting use of opioids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings suggest pain is the main factor associated with opioid use after a work-related injury, irrespective of RTW experiences. However, due to the limitations of this exploratory analysis, longitudinal research examining this issue is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2024-109745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T18:35:43Z","timestamp":1739385343000},"page":"49-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Opioid use among injured workers: pain and the return-to-work experience"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2337-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Nadalin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Carnide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0747-8870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron","family":"Mustard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3355-5442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colette N","family":"Severin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6138-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea D","family":"Furlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8286-4563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter M","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025030501200692000_82.1.49.1","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305716"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025030501200692000_82.1.49.2","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2022-108383"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025030501200692000_82.1.49.3","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002709"},{"unstructured":"Tomlinson K . How workers\u2019 comp fanned the flames of the opioid crisis. The Globe and Mail; 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/canada\/article-how-workers-comp-fanned-the-flames-of-the-opioid-crisis\/","key":"2025030501200692000_82.1.49.4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025030501200692000_82.1.49.5","DOI":"10.1080\/14774003.2007.11667693"},{"key":"2025030501200692000_82.1.49.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048143","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Ontario Life After Workplace Injury Study (OLAWIS)","volume":"11","author":"Mustard","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"unstructured":"Government of Canada . National Occupation Classification. Ottawa, Ontario: Government of Canada; 2016. Available: https:\/\/noc.esdc.gc.ca\/ [Accessed 1 Jun 2023].","key":"2025030501200692000_82.1.49.7"},{"unstructured":"Survey Methodology Program SRC . IVEware: imputation and variance estimation software. version 0.3 [software]. Michigan: University of Michigan Institute for Social Research; 2021. Available: https:\/\/smponline.isr.umich.edu\/software\/iveware-imputation-and-variance-estimation-software\/ [Accessed 17 Aug 2021].","key":"2025030501200692000_82.1.49.8"},{"unstructured":"Health Canada . Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CADS): summary of results for 2019. Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada; 2019. Available: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/canadian-alcohol-drugs-survey\/2019-summary.html [Accessed 18 Apr 2024].","key":"2025030501200692000_82.1.49.9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025030501200692000_82.1.49.10","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-024-00882-w"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2025030501200692000_82.1.49.11","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-106535"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2024-109745","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T09:20:22Z","timestamp":1741166422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2024-109745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oemed-2024-109745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2024-109745","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1351-0711"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1470-7926"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}}}