{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:58:41Z","timestamp":1767830321522,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluate vitamin D levels in Portuguese active-duty Navy military personnel during winter and explore the relationship between Navy occupational settings and vitamin D levels, as well as between vitamin D levels and fatigue, sleep health, and burnout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All active-duty Navy military personnel who collected a blood sample at the Naval Medicine Centre during the winter of 2023\u20132024 were included in a cross-sectional study. Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone were added to their analysis request. They were asked to complete a questionnaire that included questions about work, sun exposure, vitamin D-rich foods and\/or vitamin D supplements or medication intake, fatigue, sleep health and burnout. Blood samples were processed at the Clinical Pathology Service of the Portuguese Armed Forces Hospital. T-test\/median test and z-test were applied to compare homologous means\/medians and prevalences, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 735 participants, 42.2%, 41.1% and 16.7% were vitamin D deficient, insufficient and sufficient, respectively. The median serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower (p&lt;0.001), and vitamin D deficiency prevalence was significantly higher (p=0.000) in \u2018onboard\u2019 and \u2018indoors\u2019 groups, as well as in the \u2018mixed shifts\u2019 group (p=0.030; p=0.004). Median serum 25(OH)D level was not statistically different between groups with and without fatigue, poor sleep health, and personal or work-related burnout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a sample of Portuguese active-duty Navy military personnel, during winter, especially those working onboard, indoors and with mixed shifts, must be addressed by Navy occupational health services. Future research should include submariners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2024-109968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T18:20:32Z","timestamp":1740507632000},"page":"76-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vitamin D levels in Portuguese Navy military personnel: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3194-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Henriques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florentino","family":"Serranheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ema","family":"Sacadura-Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usac144"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S434813"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19340-w"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738119857717"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071460"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215156"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.139291"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40557-017-0187-7"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190607","article-title":"Sleep and biological parameters in professional burnout: A psychophysiological characterization","volume":"13","author":"Metlaine","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-0695-x"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8468742","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8468742","article-title":"Are Shiftwork and Indoor Work Related to D3 Vitamin Deficiency? A Systematic Review of Current Evidences","volume":"2018","author":"Coppeta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmilitary-2021-002021"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2022-108710"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae290"},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.15","unstructured":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade . Norma da dire\u00e7\u00e3o-geral da sa\u00fade (004\/2019): preven\u00e7\u00e3o e tratamento da defici\u00eancia de vitamina D. 2019."},{"key":"2025041602200575000_82.2.76.16","unstructured":"Alves BA . Valida\u00e7\u00e3o da fatigue assessment scale para a popula\u00e7\u00e3o portuguesa. 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