{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:59:06Z","timestamp":1776430746774,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003417","name":"Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP 271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP 271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents and lung cancer remains inconclusive. This study investigated this relationship using data from the internationally pooled SYNERGY study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 14 case\u2013control studies conducted in 13 European countries and Canada were pooled, including 28\u2009048 participants (12\u2009329 cases and 15\u2009719 controls). Lifetime occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents was assessed using the ALOHA+job-exposure matrix. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for study centre, age, sex, smoking (pack-years and cessation), cumulative exposure to five occupational lung carcinogens (asbestos, hexavalent chromium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respirable crystalline silica and diesel engine exhaust), cumulative benzene exposure and employment in high-risk occupations (\u2018List A\u2019 jobs). Associations were estimated across categories of exposure levels, durations and analyses stratified by smoking status and lung cancer subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found no evidence of an association between ever exposure to chlorinated solvents and lung cancer risk (OR 1.03; 95%\u2009CI 0.96 to 1.10). Among exposed individuals, a positive trend with cumulative exposure was observed (p=0.031), but not when non-exposed individuals were included (p=0.173). Positive trends were found with exposure duration (p=0.005 for exposed; p=0.048 overall); risks were modestly elevated (OR 1.11) in those exposed for 20 or more years. No increased risk was observed across smoking strata or lung cancer subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pooled analysis provides limited evidence of an association between occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents and lung cancer, though exposure-response trends were noted among exposed individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2025-110129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T17:20:32Z","timestamp":1773336032000},"page":"54-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occupational exposure to chlorinated solvents and lung cancer: results of the SYNERGY case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1957-4034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxin","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/WHO), Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4082-8163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roel","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00fctzen","family":"Portengen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6498-2259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/WHO), Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Sch\u00fcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/WHO), Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Bijoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/WHO), Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Ahrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Barul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en sant\u00e9, environnement et travail), Pointe-\u00e0-Pitre, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Br\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil E","family":"Caporaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Consonni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Unit, IRCCS Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Demers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Fabianova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Authority of Public Health, Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica, Slovakia"},{"name":"Catholic University in Ruzomberok, Ru\u017eomberok, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Tard\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, ISPA and CIBERESP, Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Forastiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology\u2014Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Foretova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calvin B","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2221-8599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Gustavsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Janout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"J\u00f6ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Karrasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen \u2013 German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8662-795X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Kendzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University (IPA), Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Landi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer 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Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Migliore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"P\u00e1ndics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate for Laboratory and Methodology, National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Pohlabeln","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Rado\u00ef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Richiardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Schejbalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9042-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Siemiatycki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, 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Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and some other chlorinated agents. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2014."},{"key":"2026041705150874000_83.1.54.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxae103","article-title":"Overview of historical occupational exposure to trichloroethylene in China","volume":"69","author":"Nie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"2026041705150874000_83.1.54.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5510","DOI":"10.3390\/app14135510","article-title":"Occupational Inhalation Health Risk Assessment of TCE Exposure in the Korean Manufacturing Industry","volume":"14","author":"Seo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"2026041705150874000_83.1.54.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2012-101155"},{"key":"2026041705150874000_83.1.54.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102182"},{"key":"2026041705150874000_83.1.54.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201006-0940OC"},{"key":"2026041705150874000_83.1.54.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Travis WD , Colby TV , Corrin B , et al . Histological typing of lung and pleural tumours. 3rd edn. Berlin: Springer, 1999.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-60049-4"},{"key":"2026041705150874000_83.1.54.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202306-0942OC"},{"key":"2026041705150874000_83.1.54.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.2.9705029"},{"key":"2026041705150874000_83.1.54.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102170"},{"key":"2026041705150874000_83.1.54.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3894"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2025-110129","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:15:36Z","timestamp":1776428136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2025-110129"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oemed-2025-110129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2025-110129","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}