{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T12:05:05Z","timestamp":1784289905455,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Intramural Program at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","award":["Z1A ES103325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z1A ES103325"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between hairdresser exposures and hormone-related conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from 50\u2009800 eligible Sister Study participants (enrolled 2003\u20132009, aged 35\u201374 years), we estimated ORs and 95% CIs for associations between ever working as a hairdresser (n=1803) and prevalent fibroids, endometriosis, hysterectomy and oophorectomy. We estimated HRs and 95%\u2009CI for incident fibroids, endometriosis, breast, uterine and ovarian cancers among ever hairdressers versus never hairdressers. We also examined associations of hormone-related diseases and professional use of products such as bleach, perms, chemical straighteners, permanent hair colour, hairspray, barbicide, formaldehyde and alcohol, comparing data from 985 long-term hairdressers who worked \u22652 years to non-long-term hairdressers (never workers and those working &lt;2 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ever-hairdressers were more likely than never-hairdressers to have had a prebaseline hysterectomy (OR=1.23: 95%\u2009CI 1.11 to 1.36). Hysterectomies were more common among long-term hairdressers with more frequent applications of perms, chemical straighteners and permanent hair colour compared with less frequent applicators or never hairdressers. Ever-hairdressers had higher rates of incident endometriosis (477 cases, HR=1.61: 95%\u2009CI 1.08 to 2.38) compared with never-hairdressers, but there were no notable associations between working as a hairdresser and fibroids (1805 cases, HR=1.04: 95%\u2009CI 0.80 to 1.34), breast cancer (4628 cases, HR=0.98: 95%\u2009CI 0.83 to 1.16), ovarian cancer (300 cases, HR=1.33: 95%\u2009CI 0.77 to 2.29) or uterine cancer (447 cases, HR=1.04: 95%\u2009CI 0.60 to 1.77). In race-stratified analyses, Black hairdressers were more likely to be diagnosed with fibroids than Black never-hairdressers (201 cases, HR=1.56: 95%\u2009CI 0.93 to 2.62).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hairdresser occupation was associated with increased odds of hysterectomy and increased rates of incident endometriosis and possibly fibroids among Black women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2025-110207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T18:20:24Z","timestamp":1768846824000},"page":"597-606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occupational exposures among hairdressers and the occurrence of hormone-related conditions"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1616-0944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kemi","family":"Ogunsina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaylla A","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Che-Jung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6776-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dale P","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie M","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.1","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S . Department of labor, occupational outlook handbook, barbers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/ooh\/personal-care-and-service\/barbers-hairstylists-and-cosmetologists.htm"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12351","article-title":"Association of hairdressing with cancer and reproductive diseases: A systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Babi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8128","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c00427","article-title":"Occupational Exposures to Phthalates among Black and Latina U.S. Hairdressers Serving an Ethnically Diverse Clientele: A Pilot Study","volume":"55","author":"Boyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074176","article-title":"Occupational Exposure of Hairdressers to Airborne Hazardous Chemicals: A Scoping Review","volume":"19","author":"Kezic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101960"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2015.10.006","article-title":"Quaternary ammonium disinfectants cause subfertility in mice by targeting both male and female reproductive processes","volume":"59","author":"Melin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.7","unstructured":"Program DoTSCSCP . In: Chemicals in hair straightening products background document. California: California Environmental Protection Agency, 2021."},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2011.626259"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.9","unstructured":"IARC . IARC monographs on the identification of carcinogenic hazards to humans. agents classified by the IARC monographs. 2019. Available: https:\/\/monographs.iarc.who.int\/agents-classified-by-the-iarc"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.1c00427","article-title":"Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing","volume":"35","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.11","first-page":"A36","article-title":"Health hazard alert--benzidine-, o-tolidine-, and o-dianisidine-based dyes DHHS (NIOSH) publication no.81-106","volume":"42","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J May"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.12","unstructured":"IARC . Occupational exposures of hairdressers and barbers and personal use of hair colourants; some hair dyes, cosmetic colourants, industrial dyestuffs and aromatic amines. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans."},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.673180","article-title":"Hormone-Related Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases: A Complex Interplay to be Discovered","volume":"12","author":"Losada-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.01.001","article-title":"Bisphenol A induces human uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation through membrane-associated ER\u03b136 via nongenomic signaling pathways","volume":"484","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106655","article-title":"Biomonitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) among hairdressers in salons primarily serving women of color: A pilot study","volume":"154","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogunsina K , O\u2019Brien KM , White AJ , et al . Hair Straightener Use in Relation to Prevalent and Incident Fibroids in the Sister Study with a Focus on Black Women. 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The Sister Study Cohort: Baseline Methods and Participant Characteristics. Environ Health Perspect 2017;125. doi:10.1289\/EHP1923","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1923"},{"key":"2026071704301471000_82.12.597.23","unstructured":"Sister study overall summary: cancer cases and validation. 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