{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:06:39Z","timestamp":1784725599734,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["226944\/Z\/23\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["226944\/Z\/23\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"HORIZON2020","award":["950010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["950010"]}]},{"name":"Kathleen Lonsdale Human Health Institute","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Maynooth University","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025294","name":"Research Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21\/RC\/10294_P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\/RC\/10294_P2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with complex aetiology involving genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Shift work disrupts circadian rhythms and is a potential occupational risk factor for MS, with exposure before age 20 thought to be of additional risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate associations between retrospective lifetime shift work exposure and MS diagnosis and between prospective shift work exposure and incident MS over 13 years of follow-up in the UK Biobank cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants that were in work and free of MS at baseline were followed up for 13 years, and lifetime exposure to night, day and mixed shift work was assessed in a subset of participants. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were applied to test associations between shift work and MS diagnosis, controlling for demographic and lifestyle confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lifetime exposure to mixed, day or night shift work was not associated with an increased risk of MS diagnosis. No significant associations were observed for early-life shift work exposure or in prospective analysis of those reporting shift work at baseline. Factors such as female sex, smoking, childhood obesity and reduced sunlight exposure were consistently associated with higher MS risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no evidence for an association between shift work and the risk of MS diagnosis in this cohort, in retrospective analysis of lifetime exposure or in prospective studies of shift work at baseline following 13 years of follow-up. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and latitudinal variations in shift work-related MS risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2025-110454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:20:54Z","timestamp":1783704054000},"page":"233-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lifetime exposure to shift work and risk of multiple sclerosis: retrospective and prospective cohort studies in UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1673-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathy","family":"Wyse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Roguski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Coogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna M","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072205351197000_83.4.233.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1448377","article-title":"Global burden of multiple sclerosis and its attributable risk factors, 1990-2019","volume":"15","author":"Safiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026072205351197000_83.4.233.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028944","article-title":"Lifestyle and Environmental Factors in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Alfredsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2026072205351197000_83.4.233.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.187"},{"key":"2026072205351197000_83.4.233.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000329"},{"key":"2026072205351197000_83.4.233.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy269","article-title":"Shedding light on the link between early life sun exposure and risk of multiple sclerosis: results from the EnvIMS Study","volume":"48","author":"Magalhaes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026072205351197000_83.4.233.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tremlett H , Zhu F , Ascherio A , et al . 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