{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:06:54Z","timestamp":1784725614433,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["14090101-01, 190702-01, and 240601-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14090101-01, 190702-01, and 240601-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident involved approximately 20\u2009000 emergency workers. Given the scale and nature of the accident, concerns have been raised regarding the long-term health of the emergency workers. This study presents the first 10\u2009year overview of mortality among these workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed the mortality data for 19\u2009358 male emergency workers (mean age in 2012: 45.5 years; SD: 11.3) from 2012 to 2021. Mortality data were monitored through linkage to national vital statistics, including the dates and causes of death. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the general male population in Japan as a reference, standardised by calendar year and attained age (5\u2009year age groups).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During 190\u2009700 person-years of follow-up, 708 deaths were identified. The overall SMR was 0.86 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.93). SMRs for all solid cancers and radiation-associated solid cancers and leukaemia were below 1.0 during 2012\u20132014, approached 1.0 during 2015\u20132017 and exceeded 1.0 during 2018\u20132021, suggesting marginal excess mortality (both P values for trend &lt;0.05). In contrast, the increasing trends were less evident for neoplasms excluding radiation-associated solid cancers and leukaemia. No elevated SMR for suicide was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall mortality among Fukushima emergency workers was lower than expected based on general population rates, likely reflecting the healthy-worker effect. However, marginal elevations in SMRs for all solid cancers and for radiation-associated solid cancers and leukaemia emerged during later follow-up, highlighting the importance of continued health monitoring in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2026-110939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T10:15:12Z","timestamp":1782987312000},"page":"204-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mortality among Fukushima nuclear emergency workers, 2012\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8558-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Prevention From Radiation Hazards of Workers, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Ozasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management Centre, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Yoshinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmetrics and Biometrics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Mizoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Prevention From Radiation Hazards of Workers, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiteru","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Prevention From Radiation Hazards of Workers, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.1","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency . Fukushima daiichi nuclear accident. Available: https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/topics\/response\/fukushima-daiichi-nuclear-accident [Accessed 05 Sep 2024]."},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2013.832613"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D35","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2014.989366","article-title":"250 mSv: temporary increase in the emergency exposure dose limit in response to the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident and its decision making process","volume":"12","author":"Yasui","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HP.0000282195.34508.b0"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-008-0177-9"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21733"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2011.01.501"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-200111000-00005"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3579632"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envadv.2022.100275","article-title":"Epidemiological study of health effects in Fukushima Emergency Workers: Progress report on the Health Examination Study, 2016-2019","volume":"9","author":"Kitamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Advances"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncy136","article-title":"Epidemiological study of health effects in Fukushima nuclear emergency workers-study design and progress report","volume":"182","author":"Kitamura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.12","unstructured":"United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation . Report of the United Nations scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation: seventy-second session (16\u201320 june 2025). General assembly official records, eightieth session, supplement no. 46. New York United Nations; 2025. Available: https:\/\/docs.un.org\/en\/A\/80\/46"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.13","unstructured":"Dean AG , Sullivan KM , Soe MM . OpenEpi: open source epidemiologic statistics for public health, version. 2013. Available: https:\/\/www.openepi.com\/Menu\/OE_Menu.htm [Accessed 05 Sep 2024]."},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/49.4.225"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-014-0572-3","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of solid cancer among emergency workers of the Chernobyl accident: assessment of radiation risks for the follow-up period of 1992\u20132009","volume":"54","author":"Kashcheev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiat Environ Biophys"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-022-00957-3","article-title":"Suicide and other causes of death among Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia, 1986\u2009-\u20092020: an update","volume":"38","author":"Rahu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rru110"},{"key":"2026072205351192000_83.4.204.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2014.880445"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2026-110939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:35:28Z","timestamp":1784723728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oemed-2026-110939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oemed-2026-110939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2026-110939","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}