{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:55:51Z","timestamp":1789959351669,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine if a hybrid cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme using the Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM) as compared with standard CR will improve patient quality of life, perceived stress and state anxiety of patients with myocardial infarction (MI).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a randomised controlled trial in which patients received either standard home CR or CR using the FCEM strategy. Patient empowerment was measured with FCEM questionnaires preintervention and postintervention for a total of 9 assessments. Quality of life, perceived stress, and state and trait anxiety were assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the 14-item Perceived Stress, and the 20-item State and 20-item Trait Anxiety questionnaires, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>70 patients were randomised. Baseline characteristics were similar. Ejection fraction was significantly higher in the intervention group at measurements 2 (p=0.01) and 3 (p=0.001). Exercise tolerance measured as walking distance was significantly improved in the intervention group throughout the study. The quality of life results in the FCEM group showed significant improvement both within the group over time (p&lt;0.0001) and when compared with control (p&lt;0.0001). Similarly, the perceived stress and state anxiety results showed significant improvement both within the FCEM group over time (p&lt;0.0001) and when compared with control (p&lt;0.0001). No significant difference was found either within or between groups for trait anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The family-centred empowerment model may be an effective hybrid cardiac rehabilitation method for improving the physical and mental health of patients post-MI; however, further study is needed to validate these findings. Clinical Trials.gov identifier <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT02402582\">NCT02402582<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT02402582.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2015-000349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]],"date-time":"2016-04-19T22:50:18Z","timestamp":1461106218000},"page":"e000349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Cardiac rehabilitation using the Family-Centered Empowerment Model versus home-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarction: a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02402582","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02402582","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Vahedian-Azimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Research Center and Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8474-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew C","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"},{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Hajiesmaieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Loghman Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Kangasniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemah","family":"Alhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hosseinali","family":"Jelvehmoghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Fathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Loghman Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behrooz","family":"Farzanegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed H","family":"Ardehali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevak","family":"Hatamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Gahremani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Loghman Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed M M","family":"Mosavinasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Research Center and Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed J","family":"Madani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Izadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 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