{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T21:45:10Z","timestamp":1776289510330,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To explore differences in clinical manifestations and outcomes in those patients who develop infection after undergoing initial implantation versus reoperation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We compared cases of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection based on initial implantation versus reoperation from 11 centres.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 432 patients with CIED infection, 178 occurring after initial device placement and 254 after repeat reoperation. No differences were seen in age, sex or device type. Those with infection after initial implant had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Score (median 3 (IQR 2\u20136) vs 2 (IQR 1\u20134), p&lt;0.001), shorter time since last procedure (median 8.9 months (IQR 0.9\u201333.3) vs 19.5 months (IQR 1.1\u201362.9), p&lt;0.0001) and fewer leads (2.0\u00b10.6vs 2.5\u00b10.9, p&lt;0.001). Pocket infections were more likely to occur after a reoperation (70.1%vs48.9%, p&lt;0.001) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) was the most frequently isolated organism in this group (p=0.029). In contrast, initial implant infections were more likely to present with higher white cell count (10.5\u00b15.1\u2009g\/dL vs 9.5\u00b15.4\u2009g\/dL, p=0.025), metastatic foci of infection (16.9%vs8.7%, p=0.016) and sepsis (30.9%vs19.3%, p=0.006). There were no differences in in-hospital (7.9%vs5.2%, p=0.31) or 6-month mortality (21.9%vs14.0%, p=0.056).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CIED infections after initial device implant occur earlier, more aggressively, and often due to <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>. In contrast, CIED infections after reoperation occur later, are due to CoNS, and have more indolent manifestations with primary localisation to the pocket.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]],"date-time":"2018-03-30T08:20:14Z","timestamp":1522398014000},"page":"e000681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clinical presentation of CIED infection following initial implant versus reoperation for generator change or lead addition"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mariko W","family":"Harper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Z","family":"Uslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnold J","family":"Greenspon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry M","family":"Baddour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger G","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan B","family":"Danik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose M","family":"Tolosana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose M","family":"Miro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph K","family":"Naber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Kardiologie und Angiologie, Elisabeth Krankenhaus, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"James","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicin, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Rizwan","family":"Sohail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holenarasipur R","family":"Vikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan M","family":"Prutkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.06.005"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.033"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.05.016"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2009.02569.x"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2005.00268.x"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.906461"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192665"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313753"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.011"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-010-9537-x"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uslan DZ , Gleva MJ , Warren DK , et al . Cardiovascular implantable electronic device replacement infections and prevention: results from the REPLACE Registry. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2012;35.doi:10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2011.03257.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2011.03257.x"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009081"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq497"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup334"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2010.02820.x"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3629258"},{"key":"2025081611594445000_5.1.e000681.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2008.12.011"}],"container-title":["Open Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000681","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T18:59:56Z","timestamp":1755370796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openheart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000681","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-3624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-3624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}}}