{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T15:42:27Z","timestamp":1765294947225,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011272","name":"FP7 Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the long-term predictive value of 28 biomarkers for subsequent non-ischaemic congestive heart failure (CHF) and separately for other cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Caerphilly Prospective Study recruited 2171 men aged 55\u201369 years from the general population in 1989\u20131993; men were screened for evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and followed for clinical cardiovascular events. Fasting blood samples were stored at \u221270\u00b0C until assayed for novel biomarkers in 2010\u20132013. A competing risks proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate subhazard ratios (SHRs) for each biomarker for each cardiovascular outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During follow-up (average 13 years), only new, initial events were evaluated in the whole cohort: 584 MIs, 313 strokes and 261 episodes of CHF (not associated with acute MI). In a subcohort of men who had no clinical history or evidence of CVD at baseline examination (n=1279) those in the top third of the distributions of troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) showed a threefold increase in risk for subsequent CHF as a <jats:italic>first<\/jats:italic> event after adjustment for all conventional risk factors (SHRs 3.37, 95%\u2009CI 1.39 to 8.14 and 3.23, 95%\u2009CI 1.45 to 7.23), respectively, in contrast to moderate elevations in risk for acute MI (troponin SHR 1.63, 95%\u2009CI 1.10 to 2.41) and for stroke (BNP SHR 1.75 95%\u2009CI 1.06 to 2.88).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Troponin and BNP could be considered as potentially useful screening tools to detect subjects without prior CVD at increased risk of developing CHF in subsequent years in addition to having lesser roles for predicting subsequent MI (troponin) or stroke (BNP).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T20:20:13Z","timestamp":1519417213000},"page":"e000692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Troponin and BNP are markers for subsequent non-ischaemic congestive heart failure: the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Christopher C","family":"Patterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Blankenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Sites Hamburg, Lubeck, Kiel, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Ben-Shlomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Heslop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Bayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Sites Hamburg, Lubeck, Kiel, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Gallacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W G","family":"Yarnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081612083500000_5.1.e000692.1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 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