{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:05:17Z","timestamp":1781827517157,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study assessed cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk classification according to QRISK2, JBS3 \u2018heart age\u2019 and the prevalence of elevated high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) in UK primary prevention patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The European Study on Cardiovascular Prevention and Management in Usual Daily Practice (EURIKA) (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT00882336\">NCT00882336<\/jats:ext-link>) was a cross-sectional study conducted in 12 European countries. 673 UK outpatients aged \u226550 years, without clinical CVD but with at least one conventional CVD risk factor, were recruited. 10-year CVD risk was calculated using QRISK2. JBS3 \u2018heart age\u2019 and hsCRP level were assessed according to risk category.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>QRISK2 and JBS3 heart age was calculated for 285 of the 305 patients free from diabetes mellitus and not receiving a statin. QRISK2 classified 28%, 39% and 33% of patients as low (&lt;10%), intermediate (10% to &lt;20%) and high (\u226520%) risk, respectively. Two-thirds of low-risk patients and half of intermediate-risk patients had a heart age <jats:bold>\u2265<\/jats:bold>5 years and <jats:bold>\u2265<\/jats:bold>10 years higher than their chronological age, respectively. Half of low-risk patients had hsCRP levels \u22652 mg\/L and approximately 40% had levels \u22653 mg\/L. Approximately 80% of low-risk patients had both elevated hsCRP and heart age relative to their chronological age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Almost 40% more patients in this \u2018at risk\u2019 group would be eligible for statin therapy following the lowering of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence treatment threshold to \u226510% 10-year risk. Of patients falling below this treatment threshold, almost all were at increased lifetime risk as measured by JBS3, and of these, the majority had elevated hsCRP levels. These patients with high absolute risk may benefit from early primary CVD prevention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2018-000849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]],"date-time":"2018-11-19T05:47:19Z","timestamp":1542606439000},"page":"e000849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Risk classification in primary prevention of CVD according to QRISK2 and JBS3 \u2018heart age\u2019, and prevalence of elevated high-sensitivity C reactive protein in the UK cohort of the EURIKA study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00882336","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00882336","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00882336","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Ieuan","family":"Johns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Health, Victoria, Saint Albans, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos E","family":"Moschonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Evidence and Observational Research, AstraZeneca, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Ossei-Gerning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kassianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Practitioner, Wokingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian P","family":"Halcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.1","first-page":"11","article-title":"European cardiovascular disease statistics","volume":"3","author":"Allender","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Heart Network"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.2","unstructured":"Townsend N , Wickramasinghe K , Bhatnagar P . Coronary heart disease statistics 2012 edition. London: British Heart Foundation, 2012."},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.037","article-title":"2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR)","volume":"252","author":"Piepoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39609.449676.25"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.5","unstructured":"NICE . Lipid modification: cardiovascular risk assessment and the modification of blood lipids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2014."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp.ii1","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-305693","article-title":"Joint British Societies\u2019 consensus recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (JBS3)","volume":"100","author":"Boon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61717-7","article-title":"C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Kaptoge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003233421202"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021993"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032804"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107477"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.7.898"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-382","article-title":"Rationale and methods of the European Study on Cardiovascular Risk Prevention and Management in Daily Practice (EURIKA)","volume":"10","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Artalejo","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm316"},{"key":"2025081709373590000_5.2.e000849.18","unstructured":"JBS3 Risk Calculator. 2018. 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