{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:33:55Z","timestamp":1790357635692,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Enhed for Epidemiologi og Biostatistik, Aalborg Universitet"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is often the first manifestation of unrecognised cardiac disease. ECG abnormalities encountered in primary care settings may be warning signs of OHCA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined the association between common ECG abnormalities and OHCA in a primary care setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We cross-linked individuals who had an ECG recording between 2001 and 2011 in a primary care setting with the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry and identified OHCAs of presumed cardiac cause.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 326\u2009227 individuals were included and 2667 (0,8%) suffered an OHCA. In Cox regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex, the following ECG findings were strongly associated with OHCA: ST-depression without concomitant atrial fibrillation (HR 2.79; 95% CI 2.45 to 3.18), left bundle branch block (LBBB; HR 3.44; 95% CI 2.85 to 4.14) and non-specific intraventricular block (NSIB; HR 3.15; 95% CI 2.58 to 3.83). Also associated with OHCA were atrial fibrillation (HR 1.89; 95% CI 1.63 to 2.18), Q-wave (HR 1.75; 95% CI 1.57 to 1.95), Cornell and Sokolow-Lyon criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (HR 1.56; 95% CI 1.33 to 1.82 and HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.45, respectively), ST-elevation (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.54) and right bundle branch block (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.54). The association between ST-depression and OHCA diminished with concomitant atrial fibrillation (HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.24, p &lt; 0.01 for interaction). Among patients suffering from OHCA, without a known cardiac disease at the time of the cardiac arrest, 14.2 % had LBBB, NSIB or ST-depression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Several common ECG findings obtained from a primary care setting are associated with OHCA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2018-000905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T07:25:28Z","timestamp":1558509928000},"page":"e000905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Associations between common ECG abnormalities and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6059-4478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc Meller","family":"S\u00f8ndergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg Universitetshospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas Bille","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikke N\u00f8rmark","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg Universitetshospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Gislason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark"},{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"K\u00f8ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Kobenhavn, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"Lippert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavns, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Graff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg Universitet Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stig","family":"Hauns\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Kobenhavn, Denmark"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Kobenhavn, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper Hastrup","family":"Svendsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Kobenhavn, Denmark"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Kobenhavn, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian Hay","family":"Kragholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg Universitetshospital, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Regionshospital Nordjylland, Hjorring, Nordjylland, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian Holger","family":"Pietersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod, 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