{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:44:29Z","timestamp":1787755469294,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"University of Exeter Medical School"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Cochrane Incentive funding to the Heart Group"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Cochrane Incentive funding to the Heart Group"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was undertaken to assess the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for patients with stable angina.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL) were searched up to October 2017, without language restriction. Randomised trials comparing CR programmes with no exercise control in adults with stable angina were included. Where possible, study outcomes were pooled using meta-analysis. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation was used to assess the quality of evidence. The protocol was published on the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven studies (581 patients), with a median of 12-month follow-up, were included. The effect of exercise-based CR on all-cause mortality (risk ratio (RR) 1.01, 95 % CI: 0.18 to 5.67), acute myocardial infarction (RR 0.33, 95%\u2009CI: 0.07 to 1.63) and cardiovascular-related hospital admissions (RR 0.14, 95%\u2009CI: 0.02 to 1.1) relative to control were uncertain. We found low-quality evidence that exercise-based CR results in a moderate improvement in exercise capacity (standard mean difference 0.45, 95%\u2009CI: 0.20 to 0.70). There was limited and very low-quality evidence for the effect of exercise-based CR on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), adverse events and costs. No data were identified on cost-effectiveness or return to work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exercise-based CR may improve the short-term exercise capacity of patients with stable angina pectoris. Well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed to definitely determine the impact of CR on outcomes including mortality, morbidity, HRQoL, and costs in the population of patients with stable angina receiving contemporary medical therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2018-000989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T07:19:12Z","timestamp":1559805552000},"page":"e000989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for stable angina: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6889-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovation, Impact & Business, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"jingzhou","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Dewhirst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene","family":"Bridges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rod","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081710225258000_6.1.e000989.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalal HM , Doherty P , Taylor RS . Cardiac rehabilitation. BMJ 2015;351.doi:10.1136\/bmj.h5000","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h5000"},{"key":"2025081710225258000_6.1.e000989.2","unstructured":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) ISBN 189989392X. Cardiac rehabilitation. Edinburgh; 2002."},{"key":"2025081710225258000_6.1.e000989.3","unstructured":"British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation . The BACPR standards and core components for cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation. 2nd edition, 2016."},{"key":"2025081710225258000_6.1.e000989.4","unstructured":"British Heart Foundation . Cardiovascular disease statistics 2014. British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non\u2013Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, 2014."},{"key":"2025081710225258000_6.1.e000989.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2"},{"key":"2025081710225258000_6.1.e000989.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.07.013"},{"key":"2025081710225258000_6.1.e000989.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht296"},{"key":"2025081710225258000_6.1.e000989.8","unstructured":"National institute for Health and Clinical Excellence . CG126: stable angina (full guideline). Available: www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg126\/evidence\/full-guideline-183176605 [Accessed 11 July 2017]."},{"key":"2025081710225258000_6.1.e000989.9","unstructured":"Higgins JPT , Green S , eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. 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