{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T03:03:40Z","timestamp":1768014220618,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602720000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024811","name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024811","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that compared levels of molecular biomarkers in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) to those in healthy pregnant and postpartum women to: (1) assess the evidence for prolactin (PRL) metabolism in PPCM, (2) ascertain the evidence for biomarkers of iron deficiency in PPCM, (3) identify other biomarkers associated with PPCM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We searched Medline, Embase, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the Global Health Library from inception without language restriction for studies that compared biomarkers levels in PPCM cases to healthy controls. Pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) was generated using a random effects model for the difference in levels of biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two studies assessed the association of PRL with PPCM, and reported that PPCM cases have higher levels of total PRL. No studies investigated iron metabolism in PPCM. Other biomarkers associated with PPCM included serum levels of natriuretic peptides (SMD=3.77, 95% CI 0.71 to 6.82), albumin (SMD=-0.67, 95% CI -1.01 to -0.32), C-reactive protein (SMD=1.67, 95% CI 0.22 to 3.12), selenium (SMD=-0.73, 95% CI -1.58 to 0.12), cardiac troponins (SMD=1.06, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.80), creatinine (SMD=0.51, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.69), white bloodcells (SMD=0.44, 95 % CI 0.07 to 0.82), haemoglobin (SMD=-0.45, 95% CI -0.64 to-0.26).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>More robust molecular studies are needed to explore the association between prolactin and PPCM in human subjects and to determine the extent to which iron deficiency (with or without anaemia) contributes to the risk of PPCM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2020-001430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T17:45:13Z","timestamp":1602783913000},"page":"e001430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Systematic review and meta-analysis of prolactin and iron deficiency in peripartum cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5590-3280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinaida","family":"Cherubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford University, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taylar","family":"Peoples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Gillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Division, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Lakhal-Littleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J","family":"Kurinczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford University, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford University, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq120"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.12.036"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64365"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64365"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.5","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention and control, 2001."},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001056"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1486-2","article-title":"Epidemiological profile and obstetric outcomes of patients with peripartum congestive heart failure in Taiwan: a retrospective nationwide study","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2013.04.011"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318229e6de"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.10","first-page":"340","article-title":"The cardiomyopathy of iron deficiency","volume":"33","author":"Hegde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.12.027"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.125618","article-title":"Iron-deficiency anemia reduces cardiac contraction by downregulating RyR2 channels and suppressing SERCA pump activity","volume":"4","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.13","unstructured":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute . Study quality assessment tools. Available: https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.07.005"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.19804","article-title":"An essential cell-autonomous role for hepcidin in cardiac iron homeostasis","volume":"5","author":"Lakhal-Littleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1822010116"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.18","unstructured":"Huang G-Y , Zhang L-Y , Bai T-F , et al . Effect of inflammation and autoimmunity inperipartum cardiomyopathy. J Geriatr Cardiol 2010;7."},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx355"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-013-0366-9"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.901496"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy340"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.030099"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.77"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-1193","article-title":"Imbalanced angiogenesis in peripartum cardiomyopathy\u3000- diagnostic value of placenta growth factor","volume":"81","author":"Mebazaa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.65.3.152"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12553","article-title":"Outcome in German and South African peripartum cardiomyopathy cohorts associates with medical therapy and fibrosis markers","volume":"7","author":"Azibani","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(90)90246-2"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(92)90108-F"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043798-199612000-00001"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.31","first-page":"137","article-title":"[Chlamydia infection and peripartum dilated cardiomyopathy in Niger]","volume":"60","author":"Cenac","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.32","first-page":"151","article-title":"[Plasma selenium and peripartum cardiomyopathy in Bamako, Mali]","volume":"64","author":"C\u00e9nac","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.33","first-page":"272","article-title":"[Serum selenium and dilated cardiomyopathy in Cotonou, Benin]","volume":"69","author":"C\u00e9nac","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17402520500304352"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00359-5"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-015-0517-2"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.37","first-page":"26","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and risk factors for peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16047644"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2015-092","article-title":"Electrocardiographic predictors of peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"27","author":"Karaye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086770"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2017.10.012","article-title":"Circulating T-cell subsets, monocytes, and natural killer cells in peripartum cardiomyopathy: results from the multicenter IpaC study","volume":"24","author":"McTiernan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"cvw245","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvw245","article-title":"Serelaxin treatment promotes adaptive hypertrophy but does not prevent heart failure in experimental peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"113","author":"Nonhoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11040"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz300","article-title":"In peripartum cardiomyopathy plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is a potential new biomarker with controversial roles","volume":"116","author":"Ricke-Hoch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2017.06.004","article-title":"Peripartum cardiomyopathy is associated with increased uric acid concentrations: a population based study","volume":"46","author":"Sagy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr485"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011516","article-title":"Peripartum women with dyspnea in the emergency department: is it peripartum cardiomyopathy?","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.08.232","article-title":"Decreased expression of programmed death 1 on peripheral blood lymphocytes disrupts immune homeostasis in peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"223","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22661","article-title":"Expression of programmed cell death-1 and its ligand B7 homolog 1 in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy","volume":"40","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"2025081710332998000_7.2.e001430.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2017.05.020","article-title":"Insertion\/deletion polymorphism of ACE gene in females with peripartum cardiomyopathy: a case-control study","volume":"70","author":"Yaqoob","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"}],"container-title":["Open Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/openhrt-2020-001430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]],"date-time":"2025-08-17T17:33:41Z","timestamp":1755452021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openheart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/openhrt-2020-001430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/openhrt-2020-001430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/openhrt-2020-001430","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-3624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-3624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}