{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:26:20Z","timestamp":1792002380746,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stein Erik Hagen Foundation for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo, Norway"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Inflammation has emerged as a new treatment target in patients with coronary artery disease and inflammation seems to play an important role in ischaemia\/reperfusion injury that follows ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to explore the role of acute and sustained interleukin 6 (IL-6) signalling, including soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), with regard to infarct size, adverse remodelling and future cardiovascular events in patients with STEMI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 269 patients with first-time STEMI, symptom duration &lt;6\u2009hours and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Blood sampling and cardiac MRI were performed in the acute phase and after 4 months. Clinical events and all-cause mortality were registered during 12-month and 70-month follow-up, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IL-6 levels above median at all sampling points were significantly associated with increased infarct size and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). IL-6 levels in the highest quartile were at all sampling points associated with an increased risk of having an adverse clinical event during the first 12 months and with long-term all-cause mortality. IL-6R was not associated with infarct size, LVEF, myocardial salvage or long-term all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acute and sustained elevation of IL-6 measured 4 months after STEMI were associated with larger infarct size, reduced LVEF and adverse clinical events including all-cause mortality. The results add important information to the sustained role of inflammation in patients with STEMI and IL-6 as a potential target for long-term intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT00922675\">NCT00922675<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T12:30:17Z","timestamp":1640089817000},"page":"e001869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["High levels of interleukin-6 are associated with final infarct size and adverse clinical events in patients with STEMI"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00922675","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4972-3093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingvild Maria","family":"T\u00f8llefsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Shetelig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingebj\u00f8rg","family":"Seljeflot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Eritsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Interventional Cardiology, Oslo universitetssykehus Ulleval, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geir \u00d8ystein","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081709483258000_8.2.e001869.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.005637"},{"key":"2025081709483258000_8.2.e001869.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-008-1128-8"},{"key":"2025081709483258000_8.2.e001869.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914"},{"key":"2025081709483258000_8.2.e001869.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.053"},{"key":"2025081709483258000_8.2.e001869.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw171"},{"key":"2025081709483258000_8.2.e001869.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.02.049","article-title":"Randomized Trial of Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibition in Patients With\u00a0Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial 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