{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:03:46Z","timestamp":1781712226516,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Council (UK), British Heart Foundation","award":["RE\/18\/4\/34215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RE\/18\/4\/34215"]}]},{"name":"Cardiomyopathy UK"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107469\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107469\/Z\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sam\u2019s Rainbow Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Royal Brompton & Harefield Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>(1) To evaluate the prevalence and hospitalisation rate of COVID-19 infections among patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in the Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Cardiovascular Research Centre (RBHH CRC) Biobank. (2) To evaluate the indirect impact of the pandemic on patients with cardiomyopathy through the Heart Hive COVID-19 study. (3) To assess the impact of the pandemic on national cardiomyopathy-related hospital admissions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>(1) 1236 patients (703 DCM, 533 HCM) in the RBHH CRC Biobank were assessed for COVID-19 infections and hospitalisations; (2) 207 subjects (131 cardiomyopathy, 76 without heart disease) in the Heart Hive COVID-19 study completed online surveys evaluating physical health, psychological well-being, and behavioural adaptations during the pandemic and (3) 11\u2009447 cardiomyopathy-related hospital admissions across National Health Service (NHS) England were studied from NHS Digital Hospital Episode Statistics over 2019\u20132020.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A comparable proportion of patients with cardiomyopathy in the RBHH CRC Biobank had tested positive for COVID-19 compared with the UK population (1.1% vs 1.6%, p=0.14), but a higher proportion of those infected were hospitalised (53.8% vs 16.5%, p=0.002). In the Heart Hive COVID-19 study, more patients with cardiomyopathy felt their physical health had deteriorated due to the pandemic than subjects without heart disease (32.3% vs 13.2%, p=0.004) despite only 4.6% of the cardiomyopathy cohort reporting COVID-19 symptoms. A 17.9% year-on-year reduction in national cardiomyopathy-related hospital admissions was observed in 2020.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with cardiomyopathy had similar reported rates of testing positive for COVID-19 to the background population, but those with test-proven infection were hospitalised more frequently. Deterioration in physical health amongst patients could not be explained by COVID-19 symptoms, inferring a significant contribution of the indirect consequences of the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT04468256\">NCT04468256<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T10:42:51Z","timestamp":1643280171000},"page":"e001918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Direct and indirect effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04468256","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1164-5993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J","family":"Hammersley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel J","family":"Buchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrit S","family":"Lota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Mach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian P","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Upasana","family":"Tayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devendra","family":"Meena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Dehghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Tzoulaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK"},{"name":"British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A John","family":"Baksi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonis","family":"Pantazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angharad M","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay K","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Clinical Group, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"},{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238215"},{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317870"},{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287"},{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu284"},{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv727"},{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.7","unstructured":"Guidance on shielding and protecting people who are clinically extremely vulnerable from COVID-19 - GOV.UK. 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Available: https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/health-emergencies\/coronavirus-covid-19\/publications-and-technical-guidance\/risk-communication-and-community-engagement\/who-tool-for-behavioural-insights-on-covid-19\/survey-tool-and-guidance-behavioural-insights-on-covid-19-produced-by-the-who-european-region [Accessed 29 Mar 2021]."},{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.11","unstructured":"Overview of the UK population - Office for National Statistics. Available: https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/populationandmigration\/populationestimates\/articles\/overviewoftheukpopulation\/january2021 [Accessed 28 Mar 2021]."},{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1925"},{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa314"},{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab028"},{"key":"2025081710054800000_9.1.e001918.15","unstructured":"Lassale C , Gaye B , Hamer M . Ethnic disparities in hospitalization for COVID-19: a community-based cohort study in the UK. medRxiv Prepr Serv Heal Sci."}],"container-title":["Open Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001918","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]],"date-time":"2025-08-17T17:06:02Z","timestamp":1755450362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openheart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001918","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-3624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-3624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}