{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:57:02Z","timestamp":1778648222025,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017823","name":"UCLA Center for AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI028697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI028697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016951","name":"UCLA AIDS Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"U.S. Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief","award":["AID-OAA-A-15-00070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-A-15-00070"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There are limited data on structural heart disease among people living with HIV in southern Africa, where the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically improved life expectancy and where risk factors for cardiovascular disease are prevalent.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional study of screening echocardiography among adults (\u226518 years) with HIV in Malawi presenting for routine ART care. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate correlates of abnormal echocardiogram.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 202 individuals were enrolled with a median age of 45 years (IQR 39\u201352); 52% were female, and 27.7% were on antihypertensive medication. The most common clinically significant abnormality was left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (12.9%, n=26), and other serious structural heart lesions were rare (&lt;2% with ejection fraction less than 40%, moderate-severe valve lesions or moderate-severe pericardial effusion). Characteristics associated with abnormal echocardiogram included older age (OR 1.04, 95%\u2009CI 1.01 to 1.08), higher body mass index (OR 1.09, 95%\u2009CI 1.02 to 1.17), higher mean systolic blood pressure (OR 1.03, 95%\u2009CI 1.02 to 1.05) and higher mean diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.03, 95%\u2009CI 1.01 to 1.05). In a multivariable model including age, duration on ART, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, only mean body mass index (adjusted OR 1.10, 95%\u2009CI 1.02 to 1.19), systolic blood pressure (aOR 1.05, 95%\u2009CI 1.03 to 1.08) and diastolic blood pressure (aOR 0.96, 95%\u2009CI 0.92 to 1.00) remained associated with abnormal echocardiogram.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LVH was common in this population of adults on ART presenting for routine care and was associated with elevated blood pressure. Further research is needed to characterise the relationship between chronic hypertension, LVH and downstream consequences, such as diastolic dysfunction and heart failure in people living with HIV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T12:18:39Z","timestamp":1654085919000},"page":"e002026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High rate of left ventricular hypertrophy on screening echocardiography among adults living with HIV in Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9575-4574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Risa M","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California, 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Oosterhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Partners in Hope, Lilongwe, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners in Hope, Lilongwe, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners in Hope, Lilongwe, Malawi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse W","family":"Currier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitler","family":"Sigauke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners in Hope, Lilongwe, 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