{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T16:53:51Z","timestamp":1755795231493,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The evaluation of long-term inflammatory response and function in postoperative patients with aortic valve replacement (AVR) deserves special analysis because it is important to try to prevent reoperation and improve durability and functionality of the prostheses. It is our objective<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, we included a cohort of patients with aortic valve damage treated by AVR with mechanical prosthesis, bio prosthesis and we included a control group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found that IL-4 and osteopontin levels were higher in patients with mechanical vs biological prostheses (p=0.01\u2009and p=0.04, respectively), osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels were decreased (p=0.01), women had lower levels of ET-1 and IL-6, (p=0.02) (p=0.04), respectively. Patients older than 60 years had decreased levels of IL-1\u00df p&lt;0.001) and a higher concentration of IL-4 p&lt;0.05). IL-1\u00df, OPG and TNF\u03b1 were higher in patients with less than 5 years of evolution vs more than 10 years (p=0.004, p=0.02\u2009and p=0.03, respectively). Factors such as age, gender, prosthetic and elevated IL-1B and ET-1 levels are associated with valve dysfunction prosthetic. These results indicate that the inflammatory involvement present prior to valve replacement may be perpetuated by various factors in the long term.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The findings provide us with the opportunity to effectively treat patients with AVR in the postoperative period, which could prolong the functionality of the bio prostheses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT04557345\">NCT04557345<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T12:10:11Z","timestamp":1659615011000},"page":"e002065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bioprosthesis in aortic valve replacement: long-term inflammatory response and functionality"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04557345","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Huitzilihuitl","family":"Saucedo-Orozco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardioneumology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico"},{"name":"Speciality Hospital, National Medical Center \"La Raza\", Cardioneumology, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, 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