{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T16:54:38Z","timestamp":1755795278045,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with stress-related disorders and anxiety are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. However, the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is scarcely investigated. We aimed to establish whether long-term stress (post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder) or anxiety is associated with OHCA in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a nested case\u2013control study in a nationwide cohort of individuals between 1 June 2001 and 31 December 2015 in Denmark. Cases were OHCA patients with presumed cardiac causes. Each case was matched by age, sex and date of OHCA with 10 non-OHCA controls from the general population. HRs for OHCA were derived from Cox models after controlling for common OHCA risk factors. Stratified analyses were performed according to sex, age and pre-existing cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 35\u2009195 OHCAs and 351\u2009950 matched controls (median age 72 years; 66.8% male). Long-term stress conditions were diagnosed in 324 (0.92%) OHCA cases and 1577 (0.45%) non-OHCA controls, and were associated with higher rate of OHCA (HR 1.44, 95%\u2009CI 1.27 to 1.64). Anxiety was diagnosed in 299 (0.85%) OHCA cases and 1298 (0.37%) controls, and was associated with increased rate of OHCA (HR 1.56, 95%\u2009CI1.37 to 1.79). We found no interaction with sex, age or history of cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with stress-related disorders or anxiety have an increased rate of OHCA. This association applies equally to men and women and is independent from the presence of cardiovascular disease. Awareness of the higher risks of OHCA in patients with stress-related disorders and anxiety is important when treating these patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T10:11:24Z","timestamp":1683281484000},"page":"e002223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long-term stress conditions and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest risk: a nested case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4381-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talip E","family":"Eroglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Coronel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Research Center, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrim","family":"Halili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars Vedel","family":"Kessing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry, Rigshospitalet, Kobenhavn, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anojhaan","family":"Arulmurugananthavadivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8639-0817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saaima","family":"Parveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Folke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Torp-Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunnar H","family":"Gislason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081710232675000_10.1.e002223.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023838"},{"key":"2025081710232675000_10.1.e002223.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra000650"},{"key":"2025081710232675000_10.1.e002223.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.304521"},{"key":"2025081710232675000_10.1.e002223.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1255","article-title":"Stress related disorders and risk of cardiovascular disease: population based, sibling controlled cohort study","volume":"365","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025081710232675000_10.1.e002223.5","unstructured":"Olafiranye O , Jean-Louis G , Zizi F , et al . 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