{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:37:06Z","timestamp":1788781026499,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023475","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Interhospitalaria para la Investigaci\u00f3n Cardiovascular","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Open access fees"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Open access fees"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The benefit of patent foramen ovale closure (PFOC) \u22649 months after a cryptogenic stroke has been demonstrated in several randomised clinical trials. There is, however, insufficient data to support PFOC in non-recent cryptogenic strokes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PFOC in relation to the time since the patient\u2019s most recent cryptogenic cerebrovascular event (CVE) or systemic embolism (SE).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a multicentre, retrospective cohort study with international participation, to assess the results of an early closure (EC, &lt;9 months) for secondary prevention versus a delayed closure (DC, \u22659 months). Recurrence of CVE\/SE following PFOC was evaluated as the primary endpoint.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>496 patients were included (65% in the EC and 35% in the DC group). With the exception of a larger defect size in the DC group (tunnel width 6 (4\u201314) vs 12 (6\u201316) mm, p=0.005), similar clinical and echocardiographic baseline features were observed between the groups. No differences were observed regarding the type of devices used for PFOC, procedural success rate (99.4 in EC vs 98.8% DC group) and periprocedural complications (2.1% vs 0.8%). Median follow-up was 2.0 (1.2\u20134.2) years in the whole study population. Recurrence of CVE\/SE (3.9% vs 2.6%, p=0.443), death (1.4% vs 1.0%, p=0.697), residual shunt 12 months after PFOC, or antithrombotic treatment strategy were comparable in both groups during follow-up. A subanalysis comparing very delayed PFOC (\u226524 months) also showed no differences in recurrence (4.2% in the &lt;24-month vs 3.4% in the \u226524-month group, p=0.770).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients undergoing PFOC before and after 9 months after the index event had a comparable recurrence rate of CVE\/SE. These findings suggest that PFOC might be recommended in cryptogenic CVE\/SE which are more remote than 9 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2024-002870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:48:10Z","timestamp":1729039690000},"page":"e002870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of procedural timing on the preventive yield of percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4645-2702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Jer\u00f3nimo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Cardiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3438-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Nombela-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Cardiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Simal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Freixa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Cerrato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy"},{"name":"Cardiology, Rivoli Hospital, Rivoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Cruz-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Due\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Veiga-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Renier","family":"Goncalves-Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Leon, Leon, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Garcia-Blas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Revuelta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Cepas-Guill\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Tomassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy"},{"name":"Cardiology, Rivoli Hospital, Rivoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Lopez-Tejero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Gonzalez-Manzanares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4570-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose M","family":"De la Torre Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Perez de Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Leon, Leon, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rami","family":"Gabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Travieso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Cardiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Alberto","family":"de Agust\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, 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Heart"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/openhrt-2024-002870","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T19:29:53Z","timestamp":1755372593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openheart.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/openhrt-2024-002870"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/openhrt-2024-002870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/openhrt-2024-002870","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-3624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-3624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}}}