{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:06:14Z","timestamp":1790741174835,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":83,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T023791\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T023791\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) events triggered by inflammation are an underappreciated and poorly quantified cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs). We aimed to determine the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke after BSI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This self-controlled case series study was conducted within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank, containing anonymised population-scale electronic health record data for Wales, UK. We included adults with community-acquired BSI between 2010 and 2020. MI and stroke were determined from International Classification of Disease Version 10 coded admissions. Predefined risk periods after BSI were compared with the baseline period using pseudo-Poisson regression adjusted for age. Maximum C-reactive protein (CRP), a proxy for the magnitude of the inflammatory response, was determined within the first 7\u2009days after BSI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 50\u2009450 individuals with MI and 56\u2009890 with stroke, of whom 1000 and 1290, respectively, also had at least one community-associated BSI. The risk of MI was most elevated in the first 1\u20137\u2009days after BSI (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) (95% CI): 9.67 (6.54 to 14.3)) and returned to baseline after 28 days. The risk was similarly elevated for stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The largest magnitude of risk was observed for those with a maximal CRP&gt;300\u2009mg\/L (MI IRR: 21.54 (9.57 to 48.52); stroke IRR: 6.94 (3.14 to 15.32)).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>BSI is associated with an increased risk of CVD events in the first 2\u2009weeks after infection. Greater systemic inflammation was associated with a higher risk of CVD events and suggests targeting the inflammatory response caused by BSI warrants further study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2025-003241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T01:57:42Z","timestamp":1742954262000},"page":"e003241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following bloodstream infection: a population-based self-controlled case series"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6963-2821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Underwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Reeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Data Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Akbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Data Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haroon","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081710282801000_12.1.e003241.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02185-7","article-title":"Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"400","author":"Ikuta","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025081710282801000_12.1.e003241.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0849-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection and sepsis in a Norwegian county 1996-2011: an observational study","volume":"15","author":"Paulsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect 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