{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:44:50Z","timestamp":1793148290488,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":177,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The current standard treatment for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is prompt reperfusion through primary percutaneous coronary intervention. However, myocardial infarction remains the leading cause of heart failure, contributing to prolonged hospital stay and a 30% rehospitalisation rate within 6\u2009months. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential approach to repair myocardial damage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study is a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials available online. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed, and the study was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>21 articles from 15 trials (21 clinical trial interventions) with a total of 1218 participants were included. Stem cell therapy was associated with fewer adverse events than controls (OR 0.66, 95%\u2009CI 0.44 to 0.99, p=0.05), supporting its short-term to mid-term safety. No cardiac-related cancer cases were reported in any group, but longer follow-up is needed to assess potential oncogenic risks. Efficacy analyses showed no significant effect on infarct size (absolute or relative) or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in short-term follow-up. In long-term follow-up, relative infarct size became statistically significant in favour of stem cell therapy only after exclusion of an outlier study (standardised mean difference \u22120.63, 95%\u2009CI \u22120.94 to \u22120.32, p&lt;0.0001). Long-term LVEF improvement was also significant (mean difference 2.63%, 95%\u2009CI 0.50% to 4.76%, p=0.02), although substantial heterogeneity remained unexplained despite sensitivity analyses, including the removal of low-correlation studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction demonstrates a favourable safety profile. While overall efficacy remains uncertain, long-term benefits may exist, particularly for relative infarct size and LVEF. However, interpretation is limited by study heterogeneity. Future trials with standardised protocols and longer follow-up are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2025-003301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T14:40:25Z","timestamp":1751035225000},"page":"e003301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events, infarct size and LV ejection fraction assessed by CMRI"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2002-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dede","family":"Moeswir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Putri","family":"Nurbaeti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari","family":"Hendarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrine-Metabolic-Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3309-7500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Farhan","family":"Abdul Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081709441347000_12.1.e003301.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02391-6","article-title":"Acute coronary syndromes","volume":"399","author":"Bergmark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025081709441347000_12.1.e003301.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.30701\/ijc.1194","article-title":"Clinical profile of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Kupang: a Result from 1 \u2013 Year iSTEMI Registry","volume":"42","author":"Adam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indonesian J Cardiol"},{"key":"2025081709441347000_12.1.e003301.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jes271"},{"key":"2025081709441347000_12.1.e003301.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13144"},{"key":"2025081709441347000_12.1.e003301.5","unstructured":"Bohula EA , Morrow DA . 59 - st-elevation myocardial infarction: management. 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