{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:13:23Z","timestamp":1788401603996,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002918","name":"Gentofte Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002918","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long-term effects of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination on cardiac function and symptoms remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the long-term effects of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination on cardiac function, inflammatory biomarkers and symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with myocarditis within 50 days of receiving COVID-19 vaccination (2021\u20132022) were invited to follow-up approximately 2 years after initial hospitalisation. Follow-up assessment included echocardiography, biomarkers, ECG, lung ultrasound (LUS) and symptom questionnaires. Patients with myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination (V-myocarditis) were compared with non-vaccine-related myocarditis (NV-myocarditis) controls admitted during the same period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>17 patients with V-myocarditis (median age 47 (27\u201359) years, 53% women) were included. Median time from vaccination to admission was 6\u2009days, with 88% admitted within 30 days. At follow-up (28\u00b16 months), patients with V-myocarditis showed mildly impaired left ventricular (LV) function (median global longitudinal strain (GLS) 16.0% (13.2%\u201318.2%)) and diastolic dysfunction in 71%. Right ventricular (RV) and LUS findings were preserved. Biomarkers normalised from admission to follow-up with significant reductions in troponin-I (p&lt;0.001) and C-reactive protein (p=0.001), while 35% showed persistent low-grade inflammation. Symptoms were common at follow-up, including fatigue (35%) and chest pain (41%). Compared with NV-myocarditis, patients with V-myocarditis had similar symptoms and biomarker recovery, but lower GLS at follow-up (NV-myocarditis: 18.5% (15.4%\u201320.3%), p=0.04).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In one of the longest reported follow-up studies of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination, patients exhibited mild LV and diastolic dysfunction, preserved RV function and overall normalised biomarkers. A notable proportion continued reporting symptoms, highlighting the need for long-term follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2025-003584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T11:20:15Z","timestamp":1759144815000},"page":"e003584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-term effects on cardiac function and symptoms in patients with myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination: the ECHOVID-19 Long-term Study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5490-6524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Nizar","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6642-416X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip Soeskov","family":"Davidovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2879-8862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Espersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1604-1881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Hikmat","family":"Al-Rubai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayat","family":"Khoraizat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas Dyrby","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2690-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristoffer Grundtvig","family":"Skaarup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats Christian H\u00f8jbjerg","family":"Lassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-9127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Hviid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyra","family":"Grove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manan","family":"Pareek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor","family":"Biering-S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital - 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