{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:09:40Z","timestamp":1779289780589,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":139,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Open Heart"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infective endocarditis following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI-IE) is an uncommon but clinically devastating complication. We aimed to identify risk factors for TAVI-IE and to estimate its association with all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a case-control study including patients who underwent TAVI at Haukeland University Hospital, Norway, between 2012 and 2023. Patients who developed TAVI-IE (n=71) were compared with age-matched and sex-matched controls without IE (n=213; 1:3 ratio). Death was treated as a competing event in analyses of IE, and we estimated the subdistribution HRs (SHR) for IE using Fine-Gray competing risk regression. Cox regression models with IE as a time-dependent covariate assessed the impact of infection on mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The incidence of TAVI-IE was 1.2% per patient-year with a median time from TAVI to infection of 13\u2009months (IQR 4\u201329). In multivariable competing risk analysis, diabetes mellitus remained an independent predictor of TAVI-IE (SHR 2.08, 95%\u2009CI 1.19 to 3.65, p=0.010). Obesity (27% vs 15%, p=0.019) and balloon-expandable valve use (28% vs 13%, p=0.003) were more often observed in patients with TAVI-IE.\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most frequent pathogen (30%). TAVI-IE was associated with an approximately twofold increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 2.13, 95%\u2009CI 1.48 to 3.07, p&lt;0.001) with the highest risk in early infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TAVI-IE is an infrequent but severe complication associated with excess mortality. Diabetes mellitus was the dominant independent risk factor and\n                      <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      the leading pathogen. These findings may help target monitoring and prevention in patients at the highest risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2026-004079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T14:15:32Z","timestamp":1779286532000},"page":"e004079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: risk factors and mortality impact in a case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0880-6734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stina","family":"Jordal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 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