{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:35:20Z","timestamp":1791412520116,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"947","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>There is unequivocal evidence that administration of probiotics could be effective in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in children and the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea and nosocomial\/community acquired diarrhoea. Encouraging evidence is also emerging for the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and management of pouchitis and paediatric atopic diseases, and the prevention of postoperative infections. There is also strong evidence that certain probiotic strains are able to enhance immune function, especially in subjects with less than adequate immune function such as the elderly. Efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of traveller\u2019s diarrhoea, sepsis associated with severe acute pancreatitis, and cancers, the management of ulcerative colitis, and lowering of blood cholesterol remains unproven. In addition to firm evidence of efficacy (for a range of conditions), major gaps exist in our knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which probiotics modulate various physiological functions and the optimum dose, frequency, and duration of treatment for different probiotic strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2003.008664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,8]],"date-time":"2004-09-08T17:02:32Z","timestamp":1094662952000},"page":"516-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":235,"title":["Probiotics and human health: a clinical perspective"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"H S","family":"Gill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Industries Research Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, Werribee, Victoria, Australia and Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University , Palmerston North, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Guarner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d\u2019Hebron , Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050810455534200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(98)00044-0","article-title":"Overview of gut flora and probiotics","volume":"41","author":"Holzapfel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2023050810455534200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-10-4-403","article-title":"The effect of \u201chumanised\u201d milks and supplemented breastfeeding on the faecal flora of infants","volume":"10","author":"Bullen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Int J Med 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