{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:18:20Z","timestamp":1773382700074,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"943","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Hypertension is a common condition associated with increased mortality and multiple morbidities. Evidence based management of hypertension is known to improve both the short term and the long term outcomes in patients with this condition. There are several general measures and pharmacological agents that are known to treat hypertension adequately. Diuretics, in particular low dose thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, are widely used in the treatment of hypertension. They have excellent outcome data and high safety and low side effects profiles. In this article, the physiology, pharmacological actions, side effects, and outcome data of the use of diuretics in hypertension are reviewed. In addition, the effective use of diuretics in the management of hypertension is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2003.010843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,11]],"date-time":"2004-05-11T19:02:49Z","timestamp":1084302169000},"page":"271-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Use of diuretics in cardiovascular disease: (2) hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"S U","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glan Clwyd Hospital , Rhyl, Denbighshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W A","family":"Littler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Birmingham , Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050810274483700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00271-9","article-title":"Tolerability, safety, and quality of life and hypertensive therapy: the case for low-dose diuretics.","volume":"101","author":"Weir","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2023050810274483700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9629(15)40675-5","article-title":"Diuretics and the therapy of hypertension.","volume":"319","author":"Puschett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2023050810274483700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(94)00196-I","article-title":"Department of Veterans Affairs single-drug therapy of hypertension study. Revised figures and new data.","volume":"8","author":"Materson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2023050810274483700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420130048008","article-title":"A multifactorial trial design to assess combination therapy in hypertension: treatment with bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide.","volume":"154","author":"Frishman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2023050810274483700_R5","first-page":"84","article-title":"Diuretics","volume-title":"Drugs for the heart","author":"Opie","year":"2001","edition":"5th Ed"},{"key":"2023050810274483700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059002-00003","article-title":"Diuretics as a basis of antihypertensive therapy: an overview.","volume":"59","author":"Kaplan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2023050810274483700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9629(15)40678-0","article-title":"Pharmacology of diuretics.","volume":"319","author":"Brater","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2023050810274483700_R8","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Selective pulmonary and venous smooth muscle relaxation by furosemide: a comparison with morphine.","volume":"270","author":"Greenberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2023050810274483700_R9","first-page":"1611","article-title":"Furosemide enhances the release of endothelial kinins, nitric oxide and prostacyclin.","volume":"271","author":"Wiemer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2023050810274483700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.32.6.1071","article-title":"Thiazide-induced vasodilation in humans is mediated by potassium channel activation.","volume":"32","author":"Pickkers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2023050810274483700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90944-Z","article-title":"Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. 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