{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:45:08Z","timestamp":1765885508409},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"955","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>As the population ages and survival from ischaemic heart disease improves, the incidence and prevalence of congestive cardiac failure has increased dramatically. Medical treatments including ACE inhibitors, \u03b2 blockers, and aldosterone antagonists have improved the outlook for most patients. However, despite optimal medical treatment there is a significant group of patients who continue to suffer poor morbidity and mortality. Device based treatment consisting of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) and cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) devices offer new modes of treatment to patients with symptomatic heart failure despite optimal medical therapy. ICDs have been shown to reduce mortality in patients with severe heart failure while CRT leads to an improvement in functional class, quality of life scores, physiological measures such as peak vo \u00a02, and reduce hospitalisations. Combination devices, which provide both ICD and CRT functions, have now been seen to provide synergistic benefits in selected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2004.026716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,5]],"date-time":"2005-05-05T17:48:14Z","timestamp":1115315294000},"page":"286-291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Device based treatment of heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"A Y","family":"Patwala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cardiothoracic Centre , Liverpool , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cardiothoracic Centre , Liverpool , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042408283425400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05620-3","article-title":"Prevalence of left-ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure in the echocardiographic heart of England screening study: a population based study","volume":"358","author":"Davies","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1520-765X(03)80002-0","article-title":"The burden of heart failure","volume":"5","author":"McMurray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.1.20","article-title":"Estimating clinical morbidity due to ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure: the future rise of heart failure","volume":"84","author":"Bonneux","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(99)00032-X","volume":"1","author":"Cleland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Failure"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04440-2","article-title":"Effect of metoprolol CR\/XL in chronic heart failure: metoprolol CR\/XL randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF)","volume":"353","author":"MERIT-HF Study Group","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.1985","volume":"21","author":"Farwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)01016-9","article-title":"Potential benefit of biventricular pacing in patients with congestive heart failure and ventricular tachyarrhythmia","volume":"83","author":"Stellbrink","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00361-6","volume":"30","author":"Uretsky","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020265","article-title":"Long-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure","volume":"347","author":"Levy","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198210213071704","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathies of the adult (1st of 2 parts)","volume":"307","author":"Johnson","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197112232852601","article-title":"The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study","volume":"285","author":"McKee","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R12","volume-title":"Management of chronic heart failure in adults in primary and secondary care","author":"National Institute for Clinical Evidence"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R13","first-page":"I4","volume-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl","author":"Bohm","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520420066040","article-title":"Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure","volume":"273","author":"Garg","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.1.73","article-title":"Angiotensin production by the heart","volume":"98","author":"van Kats","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01775-2","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor blockers in heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"39","author":"Jong","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.4.1765","article-title":"A randomised trial of beta-blockade in heart failure. The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study (CIBIS)","volume":"90","author":"CIBIS Investigators and Committees","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605233342101","article-title":"The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"334","author":"Packer","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11181-9","article-title":"The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial","volume":"353","author":"CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207","article-title":"Eplerenone: a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction","volume":"348","author":"Pitt","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702203360801","article-title":"The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure","volume":"336","author":"The Digitalis Investigation Group","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)89177-1","article-title":"Patterns of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use in congestive heart failure in two community hospitals","volume":"77","author":"Philbin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.10.1074","article-title":"Temporal patterns in the medical treatment of congestive heart failure with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in older adults, 1989 through 1995","volume":"158","author":"Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00301-4","article-title":"Do angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prolong life in patients with heart failure treated in clinical practice","volume":"28","author":"Packer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(88)80088-2","article-title":"Tolerability of enalapril in congestive heart failure","volume":"62","author":"Kjekshus","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R27","first-page":"S107","article-title":"Economic impact of heart failure in the United States: time for a different approach","volume":"13","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.23.2312","article-title":"Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure","volume":"100","author":"Packer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706043162301","article-title":"Effect of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the cooperative north Scandinavian enalapril survival study (CONSENSUS)","volume":"316","author":"The CONSENSUS trial group","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.20.2719","article-title":"Combining resynchronization and defibrillation therapies for heart failure","volume":"289","author":"Bradley","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198606123142404","article-title":"Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure. Results of a Veterans Administration cooperative study","volume":"314","author":"Cohn","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250502","article-title":"A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure","volume":"325","author":"Cohn","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.6.611","article-title":"Acute coronary findings at autopsy in heart failure patients with sudden death","volume":"102","author":"Uretsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199103213241201","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial","volume":"324","author":"Echt","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R35","first-page":"227","article-title":"The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial II Investigators","volume":"327","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90324-I","article-title":"Effect of antiarrhythmic therapy on mortality in survivors of myocardial infarction with asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias: Basel antiarrhythmic study of infarct survival (BASIS)","volume":"16","author":"Burkart","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91895-3","article-title":"Randomised trial of low dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure","volume":"344","author":"Doval","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(95)90357-7","article-title":"Effect of amiodarone therapy on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and asymptomatic complex ventricular arrhythmias: Argentine pilot study of sudden death and amiodarone (EPAMSA)","volume":"130","author":"Garguichevich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.1687","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality following early administration of amiodarone in acute myocardial infarction. GEMICA study","volume":"21","author":"Elizari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09145-3","article-title":"Randomised trial of effect of amiodarone on mortality in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction after recent myocardial infarction: EMIAT","volume":"349","author":"Julian","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08171-8","article-title":"Randomised trial of outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with frequent or repetitive ventricular premature depolarisations: CAMIAT","volume":"349","author":"Cairns","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90357-S","article-title":"Effect of amiodarone on mortality after myocardial infarction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Ceremuzynski","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90291-J","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of amiodarone versus metoprolol on the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias and on mortality after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"72","author":"Navarro-Lopez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90334-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of amiodarone on ventricular arrhythmias during and after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"60","author":"Hockings","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.2.550","article-title":"Post myocardial infarction mortality in patients with ventricular premature depolarizations. Canadian amiodarone myocardial infarction arrhythmia trial pilot study","volume":"84","author":"Cairns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507133330201","article-title":"Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia","volume":"333","author":"Singh","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(91)90466-U","article-title":"Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose amiodarone in patients with severe heart failure and asymptomatic frequent ventricular ectopy","volume":"122","author":"Nicklas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90030-2","article-title":"Beneficial effects of low dose amiodarone in patients with congestive cardiac failure: a placebo-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Hamer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00708-0","article-title":"Meta-analysis of antiarrhythmic drug trials","volume":"84","author":"Connolly","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711273372202","article-title":"A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near fatal ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"337","author":"The AVID investigators","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.11.1297","article-title":"Canadian implantable defibrillator study (CIDS)","volume":"101","author":"Connolly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.7.748","article-title":"Randomised comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest","volume":"102","author":"Kuck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2476","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention trials","volume":"21","author":"Connolly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612263352601","article-title":"Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia","volume":"335","author":"Moss","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912163412503","article-title":"A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"341","author":"Buxton","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009862028599","article-title":"The MUSTT study: evaluating, testing and treatment","volume":"4","author":"Klein","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Interven Card Electophysiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021104929368","article-title":"MADIT-II: clinical implications","volume":"6","author":"Moss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiol Electrophysiol Rev"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013474","article-title":"Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"346","author":"Moss","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1520-765X(03)80006-8","article-title":"Findings from the MADIT-II substudies","volume":"5","author":"Moss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R60","volume-title":"SCD-HeFT: the sudden cardiac death in heart failure trial","author":"Bardy"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9563(05)80071-8","article-title":"Psychological reactions and family adjustment in shock versus no shock groups after implantation of internal cardioverter defibrillator","volume":"24","author":"Dougherty","year":"1995","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906173402402","article-title":"Prevention of implantable defibrillator shocks by treatment with Sotalol","volume":"340","author":"Pacifico","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90673-Z","article-title":"Randomized antiarrhythmic drug therapy in survivors of cardiac arrest","volume":"72","author":"The CASCADE investigators","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I54","DOI":"10.1016\/S1520-765X(03)80009-3","article-title":"Ventricular remodelling: chamber dyssynchrony and effects of cardiac resynchronization","volume":"5","author":"Kass","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.25.3053","article-title":"Left ventricular or biventricular pacing improves cardiac function at diminished energy cost in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle-branch block","volume":"102","author":"Nelson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMed020028","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure","volume":"346","author":"Hare","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R67","first-page":"847","article-title":"The resting electrocardiogram provides a sensitive and inexpensive marker of prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. (Abstract)","volume":"33","author":"Gottipaty","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1996.tb03218.x","article-title":"Multisite pacing for end-stage heart failure: early experience","volume":"19","author":"Cazeau","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.12.1567","article-title":"Improved left ventricular mechanics from acute VDD pacing in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and ventricular conduction delay","volume":"99","author":"Kass","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.10.3273","article-title":"Evaluation of different ventricular pacing sites in patients with severe heart failure","volume":"96","author":"Blanc","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.23.2993","article-title":"Effect of pacing chamber and atrioventricular delay on acute systolic function of paced patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"99","author":"Auricchio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01747-8","article-title":"Retiming the failing heart: principles and current clinical status of cardiac resynchronization","volume":"39","author":"Leclercq","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01895-8","article-title":"Long term clinical effects of hemodynamically optimised cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and ventricular conduction delay","volume":"39","author":"Auricchio","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103223441202","article-title":"Effect of multisite biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure and intraventricular conduction delay","volume":"344","author":"Cazeau","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(02)00018-1","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy in advanced heart failure the multicenter InSync clinical study","volume":"4","author":"Gras","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R76","first-page":"901","article-title":"Left ventricular pre-excitation improves mechanoenergetics of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and ventricular conduction delay. (Abstract)","volume":"35","author":"Nelson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R77","first-page":"561","article-title":"Biventricular resynchronization in end-stage heart failure: an eight-months follow up by phase map radionuclide angiography. (Abstract)","volume":"22","author":"Toussaint","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.1.e2","article-title":"Mechanical dyssynchrony in dilated cardiomyopathy with intraventricular conduction delay as depicted by 3D tagged magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"101","author":"Curry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R79","first-page":"131","article-title":"Effect of chronic multisite pacing on left ventricular volumes in patients with congestive heart failure. (Abstract)","volume":"22","author":"Breithardt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R80","first-page":"516","article-title":"Acute effects of multisite pacing with different AV delays on diastolic and systolic functions in congestive heart failure. (Abstract)","volume":"22","author":"Stellbrink","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013168","article-title":"Cadiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure","volume":"346","author":"Abraham","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000065226.24159.E9","article-title":"Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on left ventricular size and function in chronic heart failure","volume":"107","author":"Sutton St John","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.6.730","article-title":"Cardiac resynchronization and death from progressive heart failure. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"289","author":"Bradley","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2000.9501","article-title":"Heart failure management using implantable devices for ventricular resynchronization: comparison of medical therapy, pacing and defibrillation in chronic heart failure (COMPANION) trial","volume":"6","author":"Bristow","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cardiac Failure"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032423","article-title":"Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure","volume":"350","author":"Bristow","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.20.2685","article-title":"Combined cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioversion defibrillation in advanced chronic heart failure. The MIRACLE ICD trial","volume":"289","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I97","DOI":"10.1016\/S1520-765X(03)80015-9","volume":"5","author":"Rivero-Ayerza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.08.038","article-title":"Intra-left ventricular electromechanical asynchrony. A new independent predictor of severe cardiac events in heart failure patients","volume":"43","author":"Bader","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408283425400_R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.00003.x","article-title":"Echocardiographic modelling of cardiac dyssynrony before and during multisite stimulation","volume":"26","author":"Cazeau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/81\/955\/286\/50025832\/postgradmedj-81-286.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/81\/955\/286\/50025832\/postgradmedj-81-286.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T08:34:17Z","timestamp":1682325257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/81\/955\/286\/7031910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"955","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.2004.026716","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]]}}}