{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:59:42Z","timestamp":1791896382622,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"957","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Fifty five years after the first finding relating mood disturbances and cardiovascular diseases, there is still debate on the formation of a cogent conception embracing all the fragments of insight within the various aspects relating psychosocial stress to cardiovascular diseases. The clinical comorbidity is empirically evident, but there are ambiguous research results limiting the value of the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms. Psychosocial stress represents here any event that relates psychological phenomena to the social environment and to the associated pathophysiological changes. Stress denotes the external or environmental factors to which people are exposed, as well as the behavioural or biological reaction to it (response that some authors call \u201cdistress\u201d). Cardiovascular diseases will be considered here only when being the consequence of chronic inflammatory disease of arteries (atherosclerosis).The question is: Are there pathophysiological reliable mechanisms relating psychosocial stress to the development of cardiovascular diseases?<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2004.028977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,5]],"date-time":"2005-07-05T19:23:24Z","timestamp":1120591404000},"page":"429-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Vale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042408394220100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.93.5.1231","article-title":"Mortality among patients with involutional melancholia","volume":"93","author":"Malzberg","year":"1937","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023042408394220100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.16.2138","article-title":"Psychosocial factors and risk of hypertension: the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"290","author":"Yan","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023042408394220100_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.2.158","article-title":"Destabilizing effects of mental stress on ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators","volume":"101","author":"Lampert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408394220100_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000118535.15205.8F","article-title":"Anger and hostility predict the development of atrial fibrillation in men in the Framingham offspring study","volume":"109","author":"Eaker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408394220100_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.8.901","article-title":"Anger in young men and subsequent premature cardiovascular disease: the precursors study","volume":"162","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2023042408394220100_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.17.2034","article-title":"Anger proneness predicts coronary heart disease risk: prospective analysis from the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study","volume":"101","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042408394220100_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01164-4","article-title":"Hostility, social support, and carotid artery atherosclerosis in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute family heart study","volume":"86","author":"Knox","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042408394220100_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1161\/hs0102.101625","article-title":"The association between trait anger and incident stroke risk: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2023042408394220100_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000062530.94551.EA","article-title":"Joint effect of hostility and severity of depressive symptoms on plasma interleukin-6 concentration","volume":"65","author":"Suarez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"2023042408394220100_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.3.190","article-title":"Understanding the neurobiology of emotion perception: implications for psychiatry","volume":"182","author":"Phillips","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023042408394220100_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1161\/hy0102.100784","article-title":"Hemodynamic and autonomic adjustments to real life stress conditions in humans","volume":"39","author":"Lucini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2023042408394220100_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2768","article-title":"Left ventricular, peripheral vascular, and neurohumoral responses to mental stress in normal middle-aged men and women. 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