{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T17:56:48Z","timestamp":1774547808233,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"958","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Up to one fifth of patients who present to specialist clinics with seizures do not have epilepsy. The majority of such patients suffer from psychologically mediated episodes; dissociative seizures, often referred to as \u201cnon-epileptic seizures\u201d. This paper describes the diagnostic evaluation of seizure disorders, including clinical assessment and the role of special investigations. The organic and psychiatric imitators of epilepsy are outlined and findings on psychiatric assessment are reviewed. This group of patients often proves difficult to engage in appropriate treatment and an approach to explaining the diagnosis is described. As yet there are no controlled trials of treatment in this disorder but preliminary evidence suggests cognitive behavioural therapy is both a rational and promising way forward.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2004.029785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,5]],"date-time":"2005-08-05T16:42:51Z","timestamp":1123260171000},"page":"498-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["The approach to patients with \u201cnon-epileptic seizures\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"J D C","family":"Mellers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042408394331000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.1.95","article-title":"Psychogenic seizures: ictal characteristics and diagnostic pitfalls.","volume":"42","author":"Leis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023042408394331000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330417","article-title":"Nonepileptic seizures during apparent sleep.","volume":"33","author":"Thacker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2023042408394331000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/92.1.15","article-title":"The misdiagnosis of epilepsy and the management of refractory epilepsy in a specialist clinic.","volume":"92","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2023042408394331000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.2000.0409","article-title":"An estimate of the prevalence of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.","volume":"9","author":"Benbadis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"2023042408394331000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2003.10.014","article-title":"The diagnosis of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures.","volume":"57","author":"Kotsopoulos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"2023042408394331000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.3.493","article-title":"Diagnostic delay in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.","volume":"58","author":"Reuber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023042408394331000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.10.1643","article-title":"The clinical features and prognosis of pseudoseizures diagnosed using video-EEG telemetry.","volume":"41","author":"Meierkord","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023042408394331000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.4.498","article-title":"Psychogenic seizures: a clinical study with follow-up data.","volume":"33","author":"Krumholz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023042408394331000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1992.tb04023.x","article-title":"Pseudseizures \u2013 risk factors and prognosis.","volume":"85","author":"Kristensen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2023042408394331000_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.12.913","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of status epilepticus on a neurological intensive care unit.","volume":"89","author":"Walker","year":"1996","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2023042408394331000_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(03)00055-4","article-title":"What should we call pseudoseizures? 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