{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T13:23:47Z","timestamp":1698758627521},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"530","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1969,12,1]],"date-time":"1969-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-2678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1969,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>At present there is considerable controversy over many aspects of iron nutrition, including: (1) iron needs and intake levels; (2) the bearing of iron intake on haematological levels; (3) iron deficiency anaemia and deficiency stigmata; and (4) iron therapy, prophylaxis, and the haematological and clinical benefits accruing.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Differences of opinion prevail because of inadequacies of knowledge of the level of haemoglobin (or other parameter of iron status) below which unequivocal signs and symptoms of ill-health become manifest in the major proportion of those affected. Difficulties arise equally from lack of knowledge of the level of haemoglobin above which no clinical benefit, short-term or long-term, can be detected from iron supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Clarification of the situation can be obtained only by carrying out the same meticulous and time-consuming procedures that have been used in respect of requirements and deficiency stigmata of other nutrients. Comprehensive iron depletion studies, real and simulated, and repletion studies, including the use of placebos, will be required.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Epidemiological investigations bearing on haematological status and morbidity will also need to be undertaken, and include groups of subjects in both Western, and developing countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.45.530.747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T20:27:15Z","timestamp":1230582435000},"page":"747-753","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Controversy on iron needs, intake levels, deficiency stigmata and benefits from iron supplementation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Alexander R P","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C.S.I.R. Human Biochemistry Research Unit, South African Institute for Medical Research , Johannesburg , South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1969,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"ANAEMIA IN AFRICA: CONFERENCE","volume":"Lancet,;;,","year":"1962","unstructured":"ANAEMIA IN AFRICA: CONFERENCE (1962a) Lancet,;;, 265."},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"ANAEMIA IN AFRICA","year":"1962","unstructured":"ANAEMIA IN AFRICA: CONFERENCE (1962b) East Afr. med. J.","journal-title":"East Afr. med. J"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1966.02090040081007","article-title":"Utilization of dietary iron by term infants. A study of 1048 infants from a low socio-economic population","volume":"111","author":"ANDELMAN, M.B.; SERED, B.R.","year":"1966","unstructured":"ANDELMAN, M.B. & SERED, B.R. (1966) Utilization of dietary iron by term infants. A study of 1048 infants from a low socio-economic population. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 111, 45.","journal-title":"Amer. J. Dis. Child"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"86","article-title":"Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia","volume":"25","author":"A.N.O.N.","year":"1967","unstructured":"ANON. (1967) Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia. Nutr. Rev. 25, 86.","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"263","article-title":"The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia","volume":"26","author":"A.N.O.N.","year":"1968","unstructured":"ANON. (1968) The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia. Nutr. Rev. 26, 263.","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"Anaemia in pregnancy","volume":"101","author":"BAIRD, D.; HYTTEN, F.E.","year":"1959","unstructured":"BAIRD, D. & HYTTEN, F.E. (1959) Anaemia in pregnancy. Lancet, i, 101.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Tissue effects of iron deficiency","author":"BEUTLER, E.","year":"1964","unstructured":"BEUTLER, E. (1964) Tissue effects of iron deficiency. Iron"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"278","article-title":"Iron deficiency-discussion. Iron Metabolism","author":"CALLENDER, S.T.","year":"1964","unstructured":"CALLENDER, S.T. (1964) Iron deficiency-discussion. Iron Metabolism, p. 278. Springer-Verlag, Berlin."},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Iron deficiency without anaemia","volume":"591","author":"COCHRANE, A.L.; ELWOOD, P.C.","year":"1968","unstructured":"COCHRANE, A.L. & ELWOOD, P.C. (1968) Iron deficiency without anaemia. Lancet, i, 591.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V20.2.173.173","article-title":"The natural history of iron deficiency induced by phlebotomy","volume":"20","author":"CONRAD, M.E.; CROSBY, W.H.","year":"1962","unstructured":"CONRAD, M.E. & CROSBY, W.H. (1962) The natural history of iron deficiency induced by phlebotomy. Blood, 20, 173.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"407","article-title":"FOODS AND NUTRITION","volume":"203","author":"COUNCIL, O.N.","year":"1968","unstructured":"COUNCIL ON FOODS AND NUTRITION (1968) Iron deficiency in the United States. J. Amer. med. Ass. 203, 407.","journal-title":"J. Amer. med. Ass; Iron deficiency in the United States"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"3","article-title":"Iron metabolism","volume":"8","author":"CROSBY, W.H.","year":"1966","unstructured":"CROSBY, W.H. (1966) Iron metabolism. Disease-A-Month, 8, 3.","journal-title":"Disease-A-Month"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5567.711","article-title":"Dietary iron and haematological status in normal subjects","volume":"3","author":"DAVIS, R.H.; JACOBS, A.; RIVLIN, R.","year":"1967","unstructured":"DAVIS, R.H., JACOBS, A. & RIVLIN, R. (1967) Dietary iron and haematological status in normal subjects. Brit. med. J. 3, 711.","journal-title":"Brit. med. J"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL","volume-title":"Recommended intakes of nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report of Public Health and Medical Subjects, No. 121. Her Majesty's Stationery Office","year":"1969","unstructured":"DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SECURITY (1969) Recommended intakes of nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report of Public Health and Medical Subjects, No. 121. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London."},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"DOMESTIC FOOD CONSUMPTION AND EXPENDITURE","volume-title":"Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food","year":"1961","unstructured":"DOMESTIC FOOD CONSUMPTION AND EXPENDITURE (1961) Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1963). Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"497","article-title":"Introduction to the general discussion. Iron Metabolism","author":"DREYFUS, B.","year":"1964","unstructured":"DREYFUS, B. (1964) Introduction to the general discussion. Iron Metabolism, p. 497. Springer-Verlag, Berlin."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"526","article-title":"Studies in iron transportation and metabolism. VI. Absorption of radio-active iron in patients with fever and with anaemias of varied etiology","volume":"3","author":"DUBACH, R.; CALLENDER, S.T.E.; MOORE, C.V.","year":"1948","unstructured":"DUBACH, R., CALLENDER, S.T.E. & MOORE, C.V. (1948) Studies in iron transportation and metabolism. VI. Absorption of radio-active iron in patients with fever and with anaemias of varied etiology. Blood, 3, 526.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_18","volume":"607","author":"E.D.I.T.O.R.","year":"1961","unstructured":"EDITOR (1961) Prevalence of anaemia. Brit. med. J. 2, 1762. EDITOR (1963) Pregnancy anaemia. Lancet, i, 607.","journal-title":"EDITOR"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19680005","article-title":"Some epidemiological problems of iron deficiency anaemia","volume":"27","author":"ELWOOD, P.C.","year":"1968","unstructured":"ELWOOD, P.C. (1968) Some epidemiological problems of iron deficiency anaemia. Proc. nutr. Soc. 27, 14.","journal-title":"Proc. nutr. Soc"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1965.tb02108.x","article-title":"Iron balance in man","volume":"23","author":"FINCH, C.A.","year":"1965","unstructured":"FINCH, C.A. (1965) Iron balance in man. Nutr. Rev. 23, 129.","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(69)90034-4","article-title":"Symptoms and the circulating haemoglobin level","volume":"21","author":"ELWOOD, P.C.; WATERS, W.E.; GREENE, W.J.W.; SWEEFNAM, P.; WOOD, M.M.","year":"1969","unstructured":"ELWOOD, P.C., WATERS, W.E., GREENE, W.J.W., SWEEFNAM, P. & WOOD, M.M. (1969) Symptoms and the circulating haemoglobin level. J. chron. Dis. 21, 615.","journal-title":"J. chron. Dis"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"105","article-title":"Anaemia of the tropics; relation to iron intake, absorption and losses during growth, pregnancy and lactation","volume":"60","author":"FoY, H.; KONDI, A.","year":"1957","unstructured":"FoY, H. & KONDI, A. (1957) Anaemia of the tropics; relation to iron intake, absorption and losses during growth, pregnancy and lactation. J. trop. med. Hyg. 60, 105.","journal-title":"J. trop. med. Hyg"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5269.1732","article-title":"Clinical patterns and course of anaemias in general practice","volume":"2","author":"FRY, J.","year":"1961","unstructured":"FRY, J. (1961) Clinical patterns and course of anaemias in general practice. Brit. med. J. 2, 1732.","journal-title":"Brit. med. J"},{"key":"ref_24","article-title":"Growth of children after malnutrition","volume":"278","author":"GARROW, J.S.","year":"1967","unstructured":"GARROW, J.S. (1967) Growth of children after malnutrition. Lancet, i, 278.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"309","article-title":"Iron, copper and cobalt. Nutrition","volume":"34","author":"HAWKINS, W.W.","year":"1964","unstructured":"HAWKINS, W.W. (1964) Iron, copper and cobalt. Nutrition (Ed. by G.H. Beaton and E.W. McHenry), Vol. I, p. 309. Academic Press, London. HYNES, M., ISHAQ, M. & VERMA, O.P. (1946) The effect of different diets and of iron medication on the nutritional anaemia of Indian Army recruits. Ind. J. med. Res. 34, 273.","journal-title":"Ind. J. med. Res; The effect of different diets and of iron medication on the nutritional anaemia of Indian Army recruits"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"855","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia in the pregnant woman and its relation to normal physiological changes","volume":"26","author":"HYTTEN, F.E.; DUNCAN, D.L.","year":"1956","unstructured":"HYTTEN, F.E. & DUNCAN, D.L. (1956) Iron deficiency anaemia in the pregnant woman and its relation to normal physiological changes. Nutr. Abstr. Rev. 26, 855.","journal-title":"Nutr. Abstr. Rev"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(58)91281-9","article-title":"The prophylaxis of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy","volume":"11","author":"KERR, D.N.S.; DAVIDSON, S.","year":"1958","unstructured":"KERR, D.N.S. & DAVIDSON, S. (1958) The prophylaxis of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Lancet, 11, 483.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1220","article-title":"Pre-symptomatic diagnosis of anaemia","volume":"59","author":"KILPATRICK, G.S.","year":"1966","unstructured":"KILPATRICK, G.S. (1966) Pre-symptomatic diagnosis of anaemia. Proc. roy. Soc. Med. 59, 1220.","journal-title":"Proc. roy. Soc. Med"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1360","article-title":"Anaemia in pregnancy","volume":"ii,","author":"ARTICLE, L.E.A.D.I.N.G.","year":"1958","unstructured":"LEADING ARTICLE (1958) Anaemia in pregnancy. Lancet, ii, 1360.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_30","article-title":"Pregnancy anaemia","volume":"309","author":"ARTICLE, L.E.A.D.I.N.G.","year":"1963","unstructured":"LEADING ARTICLE (1963) Pregnancy anaemia. Lancet i, 309.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1373","article-title":"The American and his diet","volume":"i,","author":"ARTICLE, L.E.A.D.I.N.G.","year":"1964","unstructured":"LEADING ARTICLE (1964) The American and his diet. Lancet, i, 1373.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5629.467-a","article-title":"Iron in flour","volume":"4","author":"ARTICLE, L.E.A.D.I.N.G.","year":"1968","unstructured":"LEADING ARTICLE (1968) Iron in flour. Brit. med. J. 4, 467.","journal-title":"Brit. med. J"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"304","article-title":"A survey of anaemia in 4314 cases of pregnancy","volume":"6","author":"LILLIE, E.W.; GATENBY, P.B.B.; MOORE, H.C.","year":"1954","unstructured":"LILLIE, E.W., GATENBY, P.B.B. & MOORE, H.C. (1954) A survey of anaemia in 4314 cases of pregnancy. Irish J. med. Sci. 6, 304.","journal-title":"Irish J. med. Sci"},{"key":"ref_34","article-title":"Nutritional anaemia in infancy","author":"MACKAY, H.H.M.","year":"1931","unstructured":"MACKAY, H.H.M. (1931) Nutritional anaemia in infancy."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Haemoglobin levels before and after labour","volume":"157","author":"Ser, Spec Rep","year":"1951","unstructured":"Spec. Rep. Ser. Med. Res. Coun., No. 157. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. MAGEE, H.E. & MILLIGAN, E.H.M. (1951) Haemoglobin levels before and after labour. Brit. med. J. 2, 1307.","journal-title":"Med. Res. Coun"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1964.10663765","article-title":"Concept of predisposition","volume":"8","author":"MANN, G.V.","year":"1964","unstructured":"MANN, G.V. (1964) Concept of predisposition. Arch. Environ. Hlth, 8, 840.","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Hlth"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576605911P106","article-title":"Nutritional influences in early life","volume":"59","author":"MITCHELL, R.G.","year":"1966","unstructured":"MITCHELL, R.G. (1966) Nutritional influences in early life. Proc. roy. Soc. Med. 59, 1073.","journal-title":"Proc. roy. Soc. Med"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"241","article-title":"Iron nutrition. Iron Metabolism","author":"MOORE, C.V.","year":"1964","unstructured":"MOORE, C.V. (1964) Iron nutrition. Iron Metabolism, p. 241."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(67)90099-9","article-title":"The normal rangea common misuse","volume":"20","author":"Springer-Verlag, Berlin M.U.R.P.H.Y.; A., E.; ABBEY, H.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Springer-Verlag, Berlin. MURPHY, E.A. & ABBEY, H. (1967) The normal rangea common misuse. J. chron. Dis. 20, 79.","journal-title":"J. chron. Dis"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"102","article-title":"Principles and Practice of Medicine","author":"OSLER, W.; MAtRAE, T.","year":"1923","unstructured":"OSLER, W. & MAtRAE, T. (1923) Principles and Practice of Medicine, 9th edn, p. 102.","edition":"9th edn"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1966.tb05144.x","article-title":"Iron and haemoglobin level in pregnancy","volume":"73","author":"Appleton, London P.A.I.N.T.I.N.; B., D.; THOMSON, A.M.; HYTTEN, F.E.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Appleton, London. PAINTIN, D.B., THOMSON, A.M. & HYTTEN, F.E. (1966) Iron and haemoglobin level in pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynaec. Brit. Cwlth, 73, 181.","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaec. Brit. Cwlth"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"276","article-title":"Iron deficiency-discussion; and Therapeutics-discussion. Iron Metabolism","author":"POLLYCOVE, M.","year":"1964","unstructured":"POLLYCOVE, M. (1964) Iron deficiency-discussion; and Therapeutics-discussion. Iron Metabolism, pp. 276 and 445. Springer-Verlag, Berlin."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1959.tb04012.x","article-title":"Studies of iron requirements in infants. III. Influence of supplemented iron during normal pregnancy on mother and infant","volume":"5","author":"STURGEON, P.","year":"1959","unstructured":"STURGEON, P. (1959) Studies of iron requirements in infants. III. Influence of supplemented iron during normal pregnancy on mother and infant. Brit. J. Haemat. 5, 45.","journal-title":"Brit. J. Haemat"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5539.565","article-title":"Folate supplements in pregnancy","volume":"1","author":"THOMSON, A.M.; HYTTEN, F.E.; PAINTIN, D.B.","year":"1967","unstructured":"THOMSON, A.M., HYTTEN, F.E. & PAINTIN, D.B. (1967) Folate supplements in pregnancy. Brit. med. J. 1, 565.","journal-title":"Brit. med. J"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"384","article-title":"Non-Infective Disease in Africa","author":"TROWELL, H.C.","year":"1960","unstructured":"TROWELL, H.C. (1960) Non-Infective Disease in Africa, p. 384. Edward Arnold, London."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"406","article-title":"Oral treatment of iron deficiency. Iron Metabolism","author":"UNDRITZ, E.","year":"1964","unstructured":"UNDRITZ, E. (1964) Oral treatment of iron deficiency. Iron Metabolism, p. 406. Springer-Verlag, Berlin."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/12.2.157","article-title":"Problems in nutritional supplementation and enrichment","volume":"12","author":"WALKER, A.R.P.","year":"1963","unstructured":"WALKER, A.R.P. (1963) Problems in nutritional supplementation and enrichment. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 12, 157.","journal-title":"Amer. J. clin. Nutr"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/20.9.1025","article-title":"Interpretation of data on one ethnic or regional group may not be equally applicable to other groups. Amer","volume":"20","author":"WALKER, A.R.P.","year":"1967","unstructured":"WALKER, A.R.P. (1967) Interpretation of data on one ethnic or regional group may not be equally applicable to other groups. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 20, 1025.","journal-title":"J. clin. Nutr"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)92220-3","article-title":"Mountain sickness","volume":"ii,","author":"WATERLOW, J.C.; BUNJE, H.W.","year":"1966","unstructured":"WATERLOW, J.C. & BUNJE, H.W. (1966) Mountain sickness. Lancet, ii, 1132.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"13","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia. Wld Hlth Org","volume":"182","author":"REPORT, W.H.O.E.X.P.E.R.T.C.O.M.M.I.T.T.E.E.","year":"1959","unstructured":"WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE REPORT (1959) Iron deficiency anaemia. Wld Hlth Org. Tech. Rep. Ser., No. 182, Geneva. WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE REPORT (1965) Nutrition in pregnancy and lactation. Wld Hlth Org. Tech. Rep. Ser., No. 302, Geneva. WHO REPORT of a SCIENTIFIC GROUP (1968) Nutritional anaemias. Wld Hlth Org. Tech. Rep. Ser., No. 405, Geneva. WIDDOWSON, E.M. & MCCANCE, R.A. (1936) Iron in human nutrition. J. Hyg., Camb. 36, 13.","journal-title":"Tech. Rep. Ser; WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE REPORT"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"443","article-title":"Therapeutics-discussion; and Summing up. Iron Metabolism","volume":"20","author":"WITTS, L.J.","year":"1964","unstructured":"WITTS, L.J. (1964) Therapeutics-discussion; and Summing up. Iron Metabolism, pp. 443 and 612. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. WOOD, M.M. & ELWOOD, P.C. (1966) Symptoms of iron deficiency in anaemia. A community survey. Brit. J. prev. Soc. Med. 20, 117.","journal-title":"Brit. J. prev. Soc. Med; Symptoms of iron deficiency in anaemia. A community survey"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"150","article-title":"Fatty acids and coronary disease","volume":"187","author":"YUDKIN, J.","year":"1961","unstructured":"YUDKIN, J. (1961) Fatty acids and coronary disease. Practitioner, 187, 150.","journal-title":"Practitioner"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/45\/530\/747\/50476319\/postgradmedj-45-747.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/45\/530\/747\/50476319\/postgradmedj-45-747.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T10:22:55Z","timestamp":1685442175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/45\/530\/747\/7051763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1969,12,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1969,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1969,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.45.530.747","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1969,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1969,12,1]]}}}