{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T08:40:58Z","timestamp":1684226458921},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"561","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1972,7,1]],"date-time":"1972-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":78796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Candida albicans septicaemia occurred in an alcoholic woman who had severe hepatic dysfunction, and was further debilitated by multiple cardiac arrests, prolonged artificial ventilation, bronchopneumonia and Ps. aeruginosa septicaemia. She received broad spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids, and needed prolonged intravenous cannulation. In vitro, a specific defect was demonstrated in her cell-mediated immune response to candida antigens. Examination of her serum showed normal immunoglobulins, and an adequate agglutination titre to these antigens.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Amphotericin B (800 mg intravenously over 19 days) was administered, and she survived. Hypokalaemia, anaemia, and peripheral neuropathy complicated therapy, and thrombophlebitis of a cannulated peripheral vein necessitated a vena caval catheter. There was no significant deterioration of renal function.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Toxic effects of other drugs were encountered\u2014deafness following kanamycin, an encephalopathy when blood levels of carbenicillin were boosted by probenecid, and cardiac arrest when diazepam and phenobarbitone were administered to control an epileptic fit and delirium tremens. Prolonged intravenous cannulation was complicated by staphylococcal septicaemia.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>A year later she died of peritonitis. Chronic pancreatitis was complicated by ascites, which became infected by E. coli. No residual C. albicans infection was found at necropsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.48.561.436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T20:27:15Z","timestamp":1230582435000},"page":"436-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Survival of candida septicaemia treated with amphotericin B"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"A B S","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West London Hospital, Charing Cross Group of Hospitals , London, W.6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Hosking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West London Hospital, Charing Cross Group of Hospitals , London, W.6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I T","family":"Magrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West London Hospital, Charing Cross Group of Hospitals , London, W.6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C P","family":"Farthing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West London Hospital, Charing Cross Group of Hospitals , London, W.6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1972,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5637.159","article-title":"Dangers of treatment of status epilepticus with diazepam","volume":"1","author":"BELL, D.S.","year":"1969","unstructured":"BELL, D.S. (1969) Dangers of treatment of status epilepticus with diazepam. British Medical Journal, 1, 159.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"688","article-title":"In: Diseases of the Nervous System","author":"M., B.R.A.I.N.; WALTON, J.N.","year":"1969","unstructured":"BRAIN M. & WALTON, J.N. (1969) In: Diseases of the Nervous System, (Ed. by M. Brain and J. N. Walton), 7th edn., p. 688. Oxford University Press, London.","edition":"7th edn"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"663","article-title":"Anaemia induced by amphotericin B","volume":"189","author":"BRANDRISS, M.W.; SHELDON, M.W.; MOORES, R.; STOHLMAN, F.","year":"1964","unstructured":"BRANDRISS, M.W., SHELDON, M.W., MOORES, R. & STOHLMAN, F. (1964) Anaemia induced by amphotericin B. Journal of the American Medical Association, 189, 663.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-61-2-175","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B","volume":"61","author":"BUTLER, W.T.; BENNETT, J.E.; ALLING, D.W.; WERTLAKE, P.T.; HILL, G.J.","year":"1964","unstructured":"BUTLER, W.T., BENNETT, J.E., ALLING, D.W., WERTLAKE, P.T. & HILL, G.J. (1964) Nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B. Annals of Internal Medicine, 61, 175.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1971.tb02453.x","article-title":"The clinical significance of mediators of cellular immunity","volume":"1","author":"DUMONDE, D.; MAINI, R.N.","year":"1971","unstructured":"DUMONDE, D. & MAINI, R.N. (1971) The clinical significance of mediators of cellular immunity. Clinical Allergy, 1, 123.","journal-title":"Clinical Allergy"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-67-3-511","article-title":"The significance of candidosis","volume":"67","author":"ELLIS, C.A.; SPIVAK, M.L.","year":"1967","unstructured":"ELLIS, C.A. & SPIVAK, M.L. (1967) The significance of candidosis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 67, 511.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"533","article-title":"A micro-method of peripheral leucocyte migration","volume":"24","author":"FEDERLIN, K.; MAINI, R.N.; RUSSELL, A.R.; D, D.U.M.O.N.D.E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"FEDERLIN, K., MAINI, R.N., RUSSELL, A.R. & DUMONDE D.C (1971) A micro-method of peripheral leucocyte migration. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 24, 533.","journal-title":"C"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"112","article-title":"Immunological aspects of candida infection complicating steroid and immunosuppressive drug therapy","volume":"ii,","author":"FOLB, P.I.; TROUNCE, J.R.","year":"1970","unstructured":"FOLB, P.I. & TROUNCE, J.R. (1970) Immunological aspects of candida infection complicating steroid and immunosuppressive drug therapy. Lancet, ii, 112.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)90174-2","article-title":"Withdrawal fits in barbiturate addicts","volume":"ii,","author":"GARDNER, A.J.","year":"1967","unstructured":"GARDNER, A.J. (1967) Withdrawal fits in barbiturate addicts, Lancet, ii, 337.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of treatments of alcohol withdrawal syndromes","author":"GOLBERT, T.M.; SANZ, C.J.; ROSE, H.D.; LEITSCHUK, T.H.","year":"1967","unstructured":"GOLBERT, T.M., SANZ, C.J., ROSE, H.D. & LEITSCHUK, T.H. (1967) Comparative evaluation of treatments of alcohol withdrawal syndromes. Journal of the American Medical Association, 201, 99.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5273.230","article-title":"Neurological manifestations after amphotericin B therapy","volume":"1","author":"HABER, R.W.; JOSEPH, M.","year":"1962","unstructured":"HABER, R.W. & JOSEPH, M. (1962) Neurological manifestations after amphotericin B therapy. British Medical Journal, 1, 230.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-73-2-165","article-title":"Carbenicillin therapy of Pseudomonas and other Gram-negative bacillary infections","volume":"73","author":"HOFFMAN, T.A.; BULLOCK, W.E.","year":"1970","unstructured":"HOFFMAN, T.A. & BULLOCK, W.E. (1970) Carbenicillin therapy of Pseudomonas and other Gram-negative bacillary infections. Annals of Internal Medicine, 73, 165.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"679","article-title":"The effect of 6-mercaptopurine on delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs","volume":"116","author":"HOYER, J.M.; HOYER, L.W.; GOOD, R.A.; CONDIE, R.M.","year":"1962","unstructured":"HOYER, J.M., HOYER, L.W., GOOD, R.A. & CONDIE, R.M. (1962) The effect of 6-mercaptopurine on delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. Journal ofExperimental Medicine, 116, 679.","journal-title":"Journal ofExperimental Medicine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/00362177085190181","article-title":"Diagnosis and therapy of systemic candiasis","volume":"7","author":"KOZINN, P.J.; TASCHDJIAN, C.L.; SEELIG, M.S.; LEONA, C.; TEITLER, A.","year":"1969","unstructured":"KOZINN, P.J., TASCHDJIAN, C.L., SEELIG, M.S., LEONA, C. & TEITLER, A. (1969) Diagnosis and therapy of systemic candiasis. Sabouraudia, 7, 98.","journal-title":"Sabouraudia"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1172","article-title":"Reversible","volume":"2","author":"Lancet","year":"1970","unstructured":"Lancet (1970) Reversible death, 2, 1172.","journal-title":"death"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"599","article-title":"L'hypertension et la stase portales segmentaires dans les pancr6atites chroniques","volume":"95","author":"LEGER, L.; LENRIOT, J.P.; LEMAIGRE, G.","year":"1968","unstructured":"LEGER, L., LENRIOT, J.P. & LEMAIGRE, G. (1968) L'hypertension et la stase portales segmentaires dans les pancr6atites chroniques. Journal de Chirurgie (Paris), 95, 599.","journal-title":"Journal de Chirurgie (Paris)"},{"key":"ref_17","author":"MCCURDY, D.K.; FREDERIC, M.; ELKINGTON, J.R.","year":"1968","unstructured":"MCCURDY, D.K., FREDERIC, M. & ELKINGTON, J.R. (1968)"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196801182780302","article-title":"Renotubular acidosis due to amphotericin B","volume":"278","unstructured":"Renotubular acidosis due to amphotericin B. New England Journal of Medicine, 278, 124.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.15.11.1053","article-title":"Cerebral toxicity associated with massive intravenous penicillin therapy","volume":"15","author":"NEW, P.S.; WELLS, C.E.","year":"1965","unstructured":"NEW, P.S. & WELLS, C.E. (1965) Cerebral toxicity associated with massive intravenous penicillin therapy. Neurology, 15, 1053.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(59)90056-6","article-title":"Current status of amphotericin B in the treatment of systemic fungus infections","volume":"9","author":"REISNER, R.M.","year":"1959","unstructured":"REISNER, R.M. (1959) Current status of amphotericin B in the treatment of systemic fungus infections. Journal of Chronic Disease, 9, 353.","journal-title":"Journal of Chronic Disease"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8707(68)90073-7","article-title":"Candida albicans precipitins in respiratory disease in man","volume":"41","author":"HARGREAVES, F.E.","year":"1968","unstructured":"HARGREAVES, F.E. (1968) Candida albicans precipitins in respiratory disease in man. Journal of Allergy, 41, 305.","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Bacteremia and candida septicaemia","volume":"50","author":"SALTER, W.; ZINNEMAN, H.N.","year":"1967","unstructured":"SALTER, W. & ZINNEMAN, H.N. (1967) Bacteremia and candida septicaemia. Minnesota Medicine, 50, 1489.","journal-title":"Minnesota Medicine"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33746-1","article-title":"Chronic pancreatic ascites","volume":"59","author":"SCHINDLER, S.C.; SCHAEFER, J.W.; HULL, D.; GRIFFEN, JR, W.O.","year":"1970","unstructured":"SCHINDLER, S.C., SCHAEFER, J.W., HULL, D. & GRIFFEN, W.O. JR. (1970) Chronic pancreatic ascites. Gastroenterology, 59, 453.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_24","article-title":"The effects of 6-","author":"SCHWARZ, R.; DAMESHEK, W.","year":"1960","unstructured":"SCHWARZ, R. & DAMESHEK, W. (1960) The effects of 6-"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104116","article-title":"mercaptopurine on homograft reaction","volume":"39","unstructured":"mercaptopurine on homograft reaction. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 39, 952.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"2276","article-title":"Neurologische complicatie by toediening van een fungicied antibioticum","volume":"107","author":"STAAL, A.; MECHELSE, K.; LEEUW, D.E.; B.","year":"1963","unstructured":"STAAL, A., MECHELSE, K. & DE LEEUW, B. (1963) Neurologische complicatie by toediening van een fungicied antibioticum. Nederlands Tvdschrift voor Geneeshuade, 107, 2276.","journal-title":"Nederlands Tvdschrift voor Geneeshuade"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700870113","article-title":"Candida precipitins","volume":"87","author":"STALLYBRASS, F.C.","year":"1964","unstructured":"STALLYBRASS, F.C. (1964) Candida precipitins. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 87, 89.","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-51-6-1220","article-title":"The current status of chemotherapy of systemic fungal diseases","volume":"51","author":"UTZ, J.P.; TREGER, A.","year":"1959","unstructured":"UTZ, J.P. & TREGER, A. (1959) The current status of chemotherapy of systemic fungal diseases. Annals of Internal Medicine, 51, 1220.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1959.tb100514.x","article-title":"Generalised endogenous mycoses in childhood","volume":"46","author":"VINCE, S.","year":"1959","unstructured":"VINCE, S. (1959) Generalised endogenous mycoses in childhood. Medical Journal of Australia, 46, 145.","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400001005","article-title":"A study of Candida albicans agglutinins in human serum","volume":"53","author":"WINNER, H.I.","year":"1955","unstructured":"WINNER, H.I. (1955) A study of Candida albicans agglutinins in human serum. Journal of Hygiene, 53, 509.","journal-title":"Journal of Hygiene"},{"key":"ref_31","article-title":"Symposium on Candida Infections","author":"WINNER, H.I.","year":"1966","unstructured":"WINNER, H.I. (1966) Symposium on Candida Infections (Ed."},{"key":"ref_32","article-title":"Candida albicans","author":"WINNER, H.I.; HURLEY, R.","year":"1964","unstructured":"WINNER, H.I. & HURLEY, R. (1964) Candida albicans. Churchill, London."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/25.1.46","article-title":"Fatal fungal infections complicating other diseases","volume":"25","author":"ZIMMERMAN, L.E.","year":"1955","unstructured":"ZIMMERMAN, L.E. (1955) Fatal fungal infections complicating other diseases. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 25, 46.","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"440","article-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":"48","year":"1972","unstructured":"Postgraduate Medical Journal (July 1972) 48, 440-442."},{"key":"ref_35","article-title":"Its main therapeutic use is in the arrest of bleeding when abnormal fibrinolytic mechanisms are present","volume":"1969","author":"Sherry, 1959","year":"1965","unstructured":"Sherry, 1959). Its main therapeutic use is in the arrest of bleeding when abnormal fibrinolytic mechanisms are present (Sweeney, 1965). Because of suggestions that fibrinolysis in the colonic mucosa might be abnormal in ulcerative colitis (Kwaan, Cocco & Mendeloff, 1964). EACA has been used to control excessive bleeding in this condition with apparent success (Nilsson, Anderson & Bjorkman, 1966; Salter & Read, 1970). There is a high incidence of side-effects from EACA, such as nausea, diarrhoea, giddiness and faintness, but few serious toxic effects have been encountered other than possible thrombosis. However, one patient who developed extensive muscle necrosis during EACA treatment for periodic oedema has been described (Korsan-Bengsten et al., 1969) and this report is of myopathy due to EACA in a patient with ulcerative colitis. Case report","journal-title":"et al; Because of suggestions that fibrinolysis in the colonic mucosa might be abnormal in ulcerative colitis (Kwaan, Cocco & Mendeloff, 1964). EACA has been used to control excessive bleeding in this condition with apparent success"},{"key":"ref_36","article-title":"Treatment with intramuscular corticotrophin gel 80 U daily, oral sulphasalazine 1 g 6-hourly, hydrocortisone enemata 100 mg daily, with intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement","volume-title":"caused early improvement and he became afebrile within 4 days. Nevertheless, diarrhoea with copious visible bleeding persisted and after 2 weeks' treatment the rectal mucosa still looked acutely inflamed sigmoidoscopically. EACA (as Epsikapron syrup) 6 g every 6 hr was commenced on 14 September, and a week later","year":"1970","unstructured":"Treatment with intramuscular corticotrophin gel 80 U daily, oral sulphasalazine 1 g 6-hourly, hydrocortisone enemata 100 mg daily, with intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement (1 September 1970) caused early improvement and he became afebrile within 4 days. Nevertheless, diarrhoea with copious visible bleeding persisted and after 2 weeks' treatment the rectal mucosa still looked acutely inflamed sigmoidoscopically. EACA (as Epsikapron syrup) 6 g every 6 hr was commenced on 14 September, and a week later (21 September) azathioprine 100 mg daily was added to his treatment; subsequently both the frequency of diarrhoea and quantity of bleeding diminished. Corticotrophin was gradually withdrawn and stopped on 16 October, but he remained on"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/48\/561\/436\/50252751\/postgradmedj-48-436.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/48\/561\/436\/50252751\/postgradmedj-48-436.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T08:19:52Z","timestamp":1684225192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/48\/561\/436\/7064676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1972,7,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"561","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1972,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.48.561.436","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1972,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1972,7,1]]}}}