{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:06:03Z","timestamp":1765728363078},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"596","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1975,6,1]],"date-time":"1975-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":170812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The authors personally studied 138 patients with liver granulomas: seventy-five (54%) had sarcoidosis, twenty-six (19%) had primary biliary cirrhosis, twenty-three (17%) had miscellaneous recognizable disorders and fourteen (10%) were undiagnosed. The modes of presentation, the clinical, biochemical and radiological features are compared, and the course of each disease is followed. The undiagnosed group were frequently middle-aged men presenting with abdominal pain, fever and hepato-splenomegaly. The unsatisfactory term granulomatous hepatitis, if used, should be reserved for this undiagnosed residue until follow-up reveals a more definite aetiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.51.596.361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T20:31:39Z","timestamp":1230582699000},"page":"361-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Granulomas of the liver"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Neville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Northern Hospital, London and The Medical Unit, Royal Free Hospital , London WC1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K H G","family":"Piyasena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Northern Hospital, London and The Medical Unit, Royal Free Hospital , London WC1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D Geraint","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Northern Hospital, London and The Medical Unit, Royal Free Hospital , London WC1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1975,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-57-6-1018","article-title":"The syndrome of sarcoidosis, psoriasis and gout","volume":"57","author":"BUNIM, J.J.; KIMBERG, D.V.; THOMAS, L.B.; SCOTT, V.A.N.; J., E.; KLATSKIN, G.","year":"1962","unstructured":"BUNIM, J.J., KIMBERG, D.V., THOMAS, L.B., VAN SCOTT, E.J. & KLATSKIN, G. (1962) The syndrome of sarcoidosis, psoriasis and gout. Annals of Internal Medicine, 57, 1018.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1348","article-title":"Granulomatous hepatitis accompanying a self-limiting febrile disease","volume":"i,","author":"ELIAKIM, M.; EISENBERG, S.; LEVIJ, I.S.; SACKS, T.G.","year":"1968","unstructured":"ELIAKIM, M., EISENBERG, S., LEVIJ, I.S. & SACKS, T.G. (1968) Granulomatous hepatitis accompanying a self-limiting febrile disease. Lancet, i, 1348.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-65-5-1081","article-title":"Granulomatous hepatitis. An analysis of 63 cases and review of the literature","volume":"65","author":"GUCKIAN, J.C.; PERRY, J.E.","year":"1966","unstructured":"GUCKIAN, J.C. & PERRY, J.E. (1966) Granulomatous hepatitis. An analysis of 63 cases and review of the literature. Annals of Internal Medicine, 65, 1081.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(68)90152-6","article-title":"Granulomatous hepatitis of unknown etiology, an etiologic and functional evaluation","volume":"44","author":"GUCKIAN, J.C.; PERRY, J.E.","year":"1968","unstructured":"GUCKIAN, J.C. & PERRY, J.E. (1968) Granulomatous hepatitis of unknown etiology, an etiologic and functional evaluation. American Journal of Medicine, 44, 207.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"493","article-title":"Evidence for circulating immune complexes in sarcoidosis","volume":"16","author":"HEDFORS, E.; NORBERG, R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"HEDFORS, E. & NORBERG, R. (1974) Evidence for circulating immune complexes in sarcoidosis. Clinical andExperimental Immunology, 16, 493.","journal-title":"Clinical andExperimental Immunology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.25.9.817","article-title":"A histological analysis of granulomatous hepatitis","volume":"25","author":"HUGHES, M.; Fox, H.","year":"1972","unstructured":"HUGHES, M. & Fox, H. (1972) A histological analysis of granulomatous hepatitis. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 25, 817.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-79-5-669","article-title":"Hepatic granulomatosis and sarcoidosis","volume":"79","author":"ISRAEL, H.L.; GOLDSTEIN, R.A.","year":"1973","unstructured":"ISRAEL, H.L. & GOLDSTEIN, R.A. (1973) Hepatic granulomatosis and sarcoidosis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 79, 669.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"49","article-title":"The Kveim test in sarcoidosis","volume":"24","author":"JAMES, D.G.; THOMSON, D.A.","year":"1955","unstructured":"JAMES, D.G. & THOMSON, D.A. (1955) The Kveim test in sarcoidosis. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 24, 49.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Immunology of sarcoidosis","author":"JAMES, D.G.; NEVILLE, E.; WALKER, A.N.","year":"1975","unstructured":"JAMES, D.G., NEVILLE, E. & WALKER, A.N. (1975) Immunology of sarcoidosis. American Journal of Medicine (in press).","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"207","article-title":"Hepatic manifestations of sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases. A study based on histological examination of tissue obtained by needle biopsy of liver","volume":"23","author":"KLATSKIN, G.; YESNER, R.","year":"1950","unstructured":"KLATSKIN, G. & YESNER, R. (1950) Hepatic manifestations of sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases. A study based on histological examination of tissue obtained by needle biopsy of liver. Yale Journal ofBiology and Medicine, 23, 207.","journal-title":"Yale Journal ofBiology and Medicine"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"133","article-title":"Liver Biopsy Interpretation","author":"SCHEUER, P.J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"SCHEUER, P.J. (1973a) Liver Biopsy Interpretation, 2nd edn, p. 133. Bailliere Tindall, London.","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"33","article-title":"Liver Biopsy Interpretation","author":"SCHEUER, P.J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"SCHEUER, P.J. (1973b) Liver Biopsy Interpretation, 2nd edn, p. 33. Bailli6re Tindall, London.","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197301000-00001","article-title":"Granulomatous hepatitis and prolonged fever of unknown origin: a study of 13 patients","volume":"52","author":"SIMON, H.B.; WOLFF, S.M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"SIMON, H.B. & WOLFF, S.M. (1973) Granulomatous hepatitis and prolonged fever of unknown origin: a study of 13 patients. Medicine, 52, 1.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"487","article-title":"Needle biopsy of the liver. VIII. Experiences with hepatic granulomas","volume":"25","author":"WAGONER, G.P.; ANTON, A.T.; GALL, E.A.; SCHIFF, L.","year":"1953","unstructured":"WAGONER, G.P., ANTON, A.T., GALL, E.A. & SCHIFF, L. (1953) Needle biopsy of the liver. VIII. Experiences with hepatic granulomas. 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