{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T22:18:35Z","timestamp":1759011515021},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"624","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1977,10,1]],"date-time":"1977-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":244512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most serious neonatal streptococcal infections are caused by group-B streptococci. The pattern of serious group-B neonatal disease in Britain resembles that described in other countries; both \"early-onset\" and \"late-onset\" forms are seen, but reliable incidence rates have not yet been determined. Serological-type III strains predominate in neonatal meningitis in Britain, but not so markedly as in some parts of the U.S.A. A deficiency of group-II strains in meningitis is, however, apparent in both countries. Present information about the carriage of group-B streptococci suggests that antibiotic prophylaxis administered to mothers or infants is unlikely to reduce greatly the frequency of \"early-onset\" disease. The continuous presence of a suitable chemical disinfectant in the vagina during labour might be more effective. Insufficient is known about the epidemiology of \"late-onset\" neonatal disease for rational preventive measures to be designed. More information is required about the postnatal acquisition of group-B streptococci by neonates and its sources, and about passive transfer of type-specific antibody from the mother to her child.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.53.624.598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T20:39:26Z","timestamp":1230583166000},"page":"598-606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Neonatal streptococcal infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"M T","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratory , London NW9 5HT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1977,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197601082940201","article-title":"A comparison of early-onset group B streptococcal neonatal infection and the respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn","volume":"294","author":"ABLOW, R.C.; DRISCOLL, S.G.; EFFMANN, E.L.; GROSS, I.; JOLLES, C.J.; VAUY, R.; WARSHAW, J.B.","year":"1976","unstructured":"ABLOW, R.C., DRISCOLL, S.G., EFFMANN, E.L., GROSS, I., JOLLES, C.J., VAUY, R. & WARSHAW, J.B. (1976) A comparison of early-onset group B streptococcal neonatal infection and the respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn. New England Journal of Medicine, 294, 65.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/132.5.561","article-title":"Group B streptococcus in a general hospital","volume":"132","author":"ANTHONY, B.F.; CONCEPCION, N.F.","year":"1975","unstructured":"ANTHONY, B.F. & CONCEPCION, N.F. (1975) Group B streptococcus in a general hospital. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 132, 561.","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"394","article-title":"Rectal colonization with group B streptococci","volume":"10","author":"BADRI, M.S.; ZAWANEH, S.; CRUZ, A.; BAER, H.; SPELLACY, W.N.; AYOUB, E.M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"BADRI, M.S., ZAWANEH, S., CRUZ, A., BAER, H., SPELLACY, W.N. & AYOUB, E.M. (1976) Rectal colonization with group B streptococci. Pediatric Research, 10, 394.","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(73)80524-4","article-title":"Transmission of group B streptococci among parturient women and their neonates","volume":"83","author":"BAKER, C.J.; BARRETT, F.F.","year":"1973","unstructured":"BAKER, C.J. & BARRETT, F.F. (1973) Transmission of group B streptococci among parturient women and their neonates. Journal of Pediatrics, 83, 919.","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1974.03240080040025","article-title":"Group B streptococcal infections in infants: the importance of the various serotypes","volume":"230","author":"BAKER, C.J.; BARRETT, F.F.","year":"1974","unstructured":"BAKER, C.J. & BARRETT, F.F. (1974) Group B streptococcal infections in infants: the importance of the various serotypes. Journal of the American Medical Association, 230, 1158.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197604012941404","article-title":"Correlation of maternal antibody deficiency with susceptibility to neonatal group B streptococcal infection","volume":"294","author":"BAKER, C.J.; KASPER, D.L.","year":"1976","unstructured":"BAKER, C.J. & KASPER, D.L. (1976) Correlation of maternal antibody deficiency with susceptibility to neonatal group B streptococcal infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 294, 753.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4992.574","article-title":"Neonatal umbilicus as a source of streptococcal infections in a maternity unit","volume":"2","author":"BOISSARD, J.M.; ETON, B.","year":"1956","unstructured":"BOISSARD, J.M. & ETON, B. (1956) Neonatal umbilicus as a source of streptococcal infections in a maternity unit. British Medical Journal, 2, 574.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"785","article-title":"M6ningite a streptocoque B du nouveau-n6: diagnostic differential avec le pneumocoque","volume":"60","author":"BRET, A.-J.; DURIEux, R.","year":"1965","unstructured":"BRET, A.-J. & DURIEux, R. (1965) M6ningite a streptocoque B du nouveau-n6: diagnostic differential avec le pneumocoque. Revue Fran!Vaise de Gynicologie et d'Obstdtrique, 60, 785.","journal-title":"Revue Fran! Vaise de Gynicologie et d'Obstdtrique"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"133","article-title":"Double-zone beta-hemolytic streptococci: their cultural characteristics, serological grouping, occurrence, and pathological significance","volume":"37","author":"BROWN, J.H.","year":"1939","unstructured":"BROWN, J.H. (1939) Double-zone beta-hemolytic streptococci: their cultural characteristics, serological grouping, occurrence, and pathological significance. JournalofBacteriology, 37, 133.","journal-title":"JournalofBacteriology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02045596","article-title":"Streptococcus agalactiae as a cause of meningitis in the newborn, and of septicaemia in adults: differentiation of human and bovine varieties","volume":"33","author":"BUTTER, M.N.W.; MOOR, D.E.; E, C.","year":"1967","unstructured":"BUTTER, M.N.W. & DE MOOR, C.E. (1967) Streptococcus agalactiae as a cause of meningitis in the newborn, and of septicaemia in adults: differentiation of human and bovine varieties. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology, 33, 439.","journal-title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Infection n6o-natale i streptocoque B: sa gravit6 et son mode de transmission","volume":"24","author":"CANET, J.; DURIEUX, R.; PESNEL, G.; FABRE, A.; DEHAN, M.; DUBOIS, J.P.; BRET, A.J.; LAJOUANINE, P.","year":"1967","unstructured":"CANET, J., DURIEUX, R., PESNEL, G., FABRE, A., DEHAN, M., DUBOIS, J.P., BRET, A.J. & LAJOUANINE, P. (1967) Infection n6o-natale i streptocoque B: sa gravit6 et son mode de transmission. Archives franVaises de Pidiatrie, 24, 1045.","journal-title":"Archives franVaises de Pidiatrie"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)91833-6","article-title":"Treatment of 106 cases of puerperal fever by sulphanilamide (streptocide)","volume":"ii,","author":"COLEBROOK, L.; PURDIE, A.W.","year":"1937","unstructured":"COLEBROOK, L. & PURDIE, A.W. (1937) Treatment of 106 cases of puerperal fever by sulphanilamide (streptocide). Lancet, ii, 1237.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-56-14609","article-title":"Penicillin sensitivity of strains of non-hemolytic streptococci isolated from cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis","volume":"56","author":"DAWSON, M.H.; HOBBY, G.L.; LIPMAN, M.O.","year":"1944","unstructured":"DAWSON, M.H., HOBBY, G.L. & LIPMAN, M.O. (1944) Penicillin sensitivity of strains of non-hemolytic streptococci isolated from cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 56, 101.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4408.897","article-title":"Penicillin therapy in acute bacterial endocarditis","volume":"1","author":"DOLPHIN, A.; CRUICKSHANK, R.","year":"1945","unstructured":"DOLPHIN, A. & CRUICKSHANK, R. (1945) Penicillin therapy in acute bacterial endocarditis. British Medical Journal, 1, 897.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196412102712401","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis and other infections due to group B beta-hemolytic streptococci","volume":"271","author":"EICKHOFF, T.C.; KLEIN, J.O.; DALY, A.K.; INGALL, D.; FINLAND, M.","year":"1964","unstructured":"EICKHOFF, T.C., KLEIN, J.O., DALY, A.K., INGALL, D. & FINLAND, M. (1964) Neonatal sepsis and other infections due to group B beta-hemolytic streptococci. New England Journal of Medicine, 271, 1221.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"421","article-title":"La gravit6 des m6ningites bacteriennes","volume":"12","author":"ETIENNE, M.; CURIONI, S.; LAPLANE, R.","year":"1965","unstructured":"ETIENNE, M., CURIONI, S. & LAPLANE, R. (1965) La gravit6 des m6ningites bacteriennes. Annales de Pediatrie, 12, 421.","journal-title":"Annales de Pediatrie"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-10-1-103","article-title":"Epidemiology of group-B streptococcal carriage in pregnant women and newborn infants","volume":"10","author":"FERREIRI, P.; CLEARY, P.P.; SEEDS, A.E.","year":"1977","unstructured":"FERREIRI, P., CLEARY, P.P. & SEEDS, A.E. (1977) Epidemiology of group-B streptococcal carriage in pregnant women and newborn infants. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 10, 103.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Group B streptococci in the female genital tract","volume":"2","year":"1976","unstructured":"FINCH, R.G., FRENCH, G.L. & PHILLIPS, 1. (1976) Group B streptococci in the female genital tract. British Medical Journal, 2, 1245.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(73)80604-3","article-title":"Group B streptococcal neonatal and infant infections","volume":"82","author":"FRANCIOSI, R.A.; KNOSTMAN, J.D.; ZIMMERMAN, R.A.","year":"1973","unstructured":"FRANCIOSI, R.A., KNOSTMAN, J.D. & ZIMMERMAN, R.A. (1973) Group B streptococcal neonatal and infant infections. Journal of Pediatrics, 82, 707.","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"Fatal infections by haemolytic streptococcus group B","author":"FRY, R.M.","year":"1938","unstructured":"FRY, R.M. (1938) Fatal infections by haemolytic streptococcus group B. Lancet, 1, 199."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"2026","article-title":"En oversikt over de forskjellige serologiske streptokokkgruppers betydning for menneske patologien, belyst ved 2 tilfelle av streptokokksepsis fremkalt av hemolytiske streptokokker tilh0rende henholdsvis Lancefields gruppe B og H","volume":"15","author":"GAUSTADT, V.","year":"1942","unstructured":"GAUSTADT, V. (1942) En oversikt over de forskjellige serologiske streptokokkgruppers betydning for menneske patologien, belyst ved 2 tilfelle av streptokokksepsis fremkalt av hemolytiske streptokokker tilh0rende henholdsvis Lancefields gruppe B og H. Nordiske Medicin, 15, 2026.","journal-title":"Nordiske Medicin"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"132","article-title":"Outbreak of streptococcal infection in a maternity unit","volume":"ii,","author":"GRAY, J.D.A.","year":"1956","unstructured":"GRAY, J.D.A. (1956) Outbreak of streptococcal infection in a maternity unit. Lancet, ii, 132.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1965.03870040108022","article-title":"Purpura fulminans with group B Bhemolytic streptococcal endocarditis","volume":"116","author":"HALL, W.H.","year":"1965","unstructured":"HALL, W.H. (1965) Purpura fulminans with group B Bhemolytic streptococcal endocarditis. Archives of Internal Medicine, 116, 594.","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.24.5.438","article-title":"The importance of group B streptococci as human pathogens in the British Isles","volume":"24","author":"HARPER, I.A.","year":"1971","unstructured":"HARPER, I.A. (1971) The importance of group B streptococci as human pathogens in the British Isles. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 24, 438.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1940.tb53847.x","article-title":"Haemolytic streptococcal infections following childbirth and abortion: clinical features with special reference to infections with streptococci of groups other than A","volume":"1","author":"HILL, A.M.; BUTLER, H.M.","year":"1940","unstructured":"HILL, A.M. & BUTLER, H.M. (1940) Haemolytic streptococcal infections following childbirth and abortion: clinical features with special reference to infections with streptococci of groups other than A. Medical Journal of Australia, 1, 293.","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)36146-4","article-title":"Beta hemolytic streptococcus group B associated with problems of the perinatal period","volume":"82","author":"HOOD, M.; JANNEY, A.; DAMERON, G.","year":"1961","unstructured":"HOOD, M., JANNEY, A. & DAMERON, G. (1961) Beta hemolytic streptococcus group B associated with problems of the perinatal period. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 82, 809.","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"815","article-title":"The spectrum of group B streptococcal infections in infancy","volume":"128","author":"HOWARD, J.B.; MCCRACKEN, G.H.","year":"1974","unstructured":"HOWARD, J.B. & MCCRACKEN, G.H. Jr (1974) The spectrum of group B streptococcal infections in infancy. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 128, 815.","journal-title":"Jr"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.44.513.549","article-title":"Neonatal meningitis due to Streptococcus agalactiae","volume":"44","author":"JONES, H.E.; HOWELLS, C.H.L.","year":"1968","unstructured":"JONES, H.E. & HOWELLS, C.H.L. (1968) Neonatal meningitis due to Streptococcus agalactiae. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 44, 549.","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"312","article-title":"Der Galtstreptokokkus als Erreger einer ulceropolyposen Endocarditis beim","volume":"88","author":"KAHLER, J.; AICHER, J.","year":"1952","unstructured":"KAHLER, J. & AICHER, J. (1952) Der Galtstreptokokkus als Erreger einer ulceropolyposen Endocarditis beim Menschen. Zentralblatt fur allgemeine Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie, 88, 312.","journal-title":"Anatomie; und pathologische"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/133.4.430","article-title":"Pulmonary changes in neonatal sepsis due to group B 13hemolytic Streptococcus: relation to hyaline membrane disease","volume":"133","author":"KATZENSTEIN, A.L.; DAVIS, C.; BRAUDE, A.","year":"1976","unstructured":"KATZENSTEIN, A.L., DAVIS, C. & BRAUDE, A. (1976) Pulmonary changes in neonatal sepsis due to group B 13hemolytic Streptococcus: relation to hyaline membrane disease. Journal of Infectious Disease, 133, 430.","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Disease"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(62)80227-3","article-title":"Meningitis in the newborn infant: report of 3 cases in whom the same organisms (pneumococci and group B streptococci) were recovered from the spinal fluid and the maternal cervix","volume":"61","author":"KEITEL, H.G.; HANANIAN, J.; TING, R.; PRICE, L.N.; RANDELL, E.","year":"1962","unstructured":"KEITEL, H.G., HANANIAN, J., TING, R., PRICE, L.N. & RANDELL, E. (1962) Meningitis in the newborn infant: report of 3 cases in whom the same organisms (pneumococci and group B streptococci) were recovered from the spinal fluid and the maternal cervix. Journal of Pediatrics, 61, 39.","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"336","article-title":"Ober das Vorkommen der B-Streptokokken bei Menschen. Zeitschrift far Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten, medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und","volume":"151","author":"KEXEL, G.","year":"1965","unstructured":"KEXEL, G. (1965) Ober das Vorkommen der B-Streptokokken bei Menschen. Zeitschrift far Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten, medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Virologie, 151, 336.","journal-title":"Virologie"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1078","article-title":"Untersuchen uber die Haufigkeit der B-Streptokokken im Wochenbett","volume":"25","author":"KEXEL, G.; BECK, K.J.","year":"1965","unstructured":"KEXEL, G. & BECK, K.J. (1965) Untersuchen uber die Haufigkeit der B-Streptokokken im Wochenbett. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 25, 1078.","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1111328","article-title":"Streptococcus agalactiae als Erreger von Sauglingsmeningitiden","volume":"90","author":"KEXEL, G.; SCH6NBAUM, S.","year":"1965","unstructured":"KEXEL, G. & SCH6NBAUM, S. (1965) Streptococcus agalactiae als Erreger von Sauglingsmeningitiden. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift, 90, 258.","journal-title":"Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(73)80525-6","article-title":"Cellular and humoral immune response to group B streptococci","volume":"83","author":"KLESIUS, P.H.; ZIMMERMAN, R.A.; MATHEWS, J.H.; KRUSHAK, D.H.","year":"1973","unstructured":"KLESIUS, P.H., ZIMMERMAN, R.A., MATHEWS, J.H. & KRUSHAK, D.H. (1973) Cellular and humoral immune response to group B streptococci. Pediatrics, 83, 926.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"866","article-title":"A case of acute bacterial endocarditis and septicemia during the puerperium","volume":"37","author":"KOLETZKY, S.","year":"1941","unstructured":"KOLETZKY, S. (1941) A case of acute bacterial endocarditis and septicemia during the puerperium. Ohio State Medical Journal, 37, 866.","journal-title":"Ohio State Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1968.tb03465.x","article-title":"Beta-haemolytic streptococcus group B causing neonatal meningitis","volume":"74","author":"KVITTINGEN, J.","year":"1968","unstructured":"KVITTINGEN, J. (1968) Beta-haemolytic streptococcus group B causing neonatal meningitis. Acta pathologica et microbiologica scandinavica, 74, 143.","journal-title":"Acta pathologica et microbiologica scandinavica"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4992.576","article-title":"Haemolytic streptococci on the neonatal umbilicus","volume":"2","author":"KWANTES, W.; JAMES, J.R.E.","year":"1956","unstructured":"KWANTES, W. & JAMES, J.R.E. (1956) Haemolytic streptococci on the neonatal umbilicus. British Medical Journal, 2, 576.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"181","article-title":"M6ningite n6onatale a streptocoque B: a propos de deux cas observes, i Dakar. Bulletin de la Socigte Me'dicale d'Afrique Noire de Langue","volume":"13","author":"LAFAIX, C.; DUVAL, J.; CAMERLYNCK, P.; GUkRIN, M.; REY, M.","year":"1968","unstructured":"LAFAIX, C., DUVAL, J., CAMERLYNCK, P., GUkRIN, M. & REY, M. (1968) M6ningite n6onatale a streptocoque B: a propos de deux cas observes, i Dakar. Bulletin de la Socigte Me'dicale d'Afrique Noire de Langue FranVaise, 13, 181.","journal-title":"FranVaise"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.59.4.441","article-title":"Serological differentiation of specific types of bovine hemolytic streptococci (group B)","volume":"59","author":"LANCEFIELD, R.C.","year":"1934","unstructured":"LANCEFIELD, R.C. (1934) Serological differentiation of specific types of bovine hemolytic streptococci (group B). Journal of Experimental Medicine, 59, 441.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.67.1.25","article-title":"Two serological types of group B hemolytic streptococci with related, but not identical, typespecific substance","volume":"67","author":"LANCEFIELD, R.C.","year":"1938","unstructured":"LANCEFIELD, R.C. (1938) Two serological types of group B hemolytic streptococci with related, but not identical, typespecific substance. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 67, 25.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.61.3.335","article-title":"Serological differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of hemolytic streptococci from parturient women","volume":"61","author":"LANCEFIELD, R.C.; HARE, R.","year":"1935","unstructured":"LANCEFIELD, R.C. & HARE, R. (1935) Serological differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of hemolytic streptococci from parturient women. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 61, 335.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.142.1.165","article-title":"Multiple mouse-protective antibodies directed against group B streptococci: special reference to antibodies effective against protein antigens","volume":"142","author":"LANCEFIELD, R.C.; MCCARTY, M.; EVERLY, W.N.","year":"1975","unstructured":"LANCEFIELD, R.C., MCCARTY, M. & EVERLY, W.N. (1975) Multiple mouse-protective antibodies directed against group B streptococci: special reference to antibodies effective against protein antigens. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 142, 165.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.18.3.438","article-title":"An epidemic of group A, type 1 streptococcal infections in newborn infants","volume":"18","author":"LANGEWISCH, W.H.","year":"1956","unstructured":"LANGEWISCH, W.H. (1956) An epidemic of group A, type 1 streptococcal infections in newborn infants. Pediatrics, 18, 438.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_45","author":"LAZARUS, J.M.; SELLERS, D.P.; MARINE, W.","year":"1965","unstructured":"LAZARUS, J.M., SELLERS, D.P. & MARINE, W.M. (1965)"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196501212720308","article-title":"Meningitis due to the group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus","volume":"272","unstructured":"Meningitis due to the group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus. New England Journal of Medicine, 272, 146.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(46)90053-8","article-title":"The clinical manifestations of subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by Streptococcus s.b.e","volume":"1","author":"LOEWE, L.; ALTURE-WEBER, E.","year":"1946","unstructured":"LOEWE, L. & ALTURE-WEBER, E. (1946) The clinical manifestations of subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by Streptococcus s.b.e. American Journal of Medicine, 1, 353.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.38.4.659","article-title":"Group B streptococcal infection in infancy: a case report and review","volume":"38","author":"MAHER, E.; IRWIN, R.C.","year":"1966","unstructured":"MAHER, E. & IRWIN, R.C. (1966) Group B streptococcal infection in infancy: a case report and review. Pediatrics, 38, 659.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_49","author":"MANNIK, M.; BARINGER, J.R.; STOKES, J.","year":"1962","unstructured":"MANNIK, M., BARINGER, J.R. & STOKES, J. III. (1962)","journal-title":"III"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"912","article-title":"Infec tions due to group B beta-hemolytic streptococci: report of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"266","unstructured":"Infec tions due to group B beta-hemolytic streptococci: report of three cases and review of the literature. New England Journal of Medicine, 266, 912.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.10.6.1315-1320.1974","article-title":"Opsonin system of the group B streptococcus","volume":"10","author":"MATHEWS, J.H.; KLESIUS, P.H.; ZIMMERMAN, R.A.","year":"1974","unstructured":"MATHEWS, J.H., KLESIUS, P.H. & ZIMMERMAN, R.A. (1974) Opsonin system of the group B streptococcus. Infection and Immunity, 10, 1315.","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"8","article-title":"De humane en de boviene Streptococcus agalactiae. Verslagen en Medelingen betreffende de Volksgezonheid","author":"MOOR, C.E.","year":"1960","unstructured":"MOOR, C.E. DE (1960) De humane en de boviene Streptococcus agalactiae. Verslagen en Medelingen betreffende de Volksgezonheid, p. 8.","journal-title":"DE"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.22.2.268","article-title":"Septicemia in the newborn","volume":"22","author":"NYHAN, W.L.; FOUSEK, M.","year":"1958","unstructured":"NYHAN, W.L. & FOUSEK, M. (1958) Septicemia in the newborn. Pediatrics, 22, 268.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"71","article-title":"Failure of penicillin to eradicate the carrier state in group B streptococci","volume":"27","author":"PAREDES, A.; WONG, P.; MASON, E.O.; Yow, M.D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"PAREDES, A., WONG, P., MASON, E.O. & Yow, M.D. (1976) Failure of penicillin to eradicate the carrier state in group B streptococci. Clinical Research, 27, 71.","journal-title":"Clinical Research"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-9-3-275","article-title":"Streptococci and aerococci associated with systemic infection in man","volume":"9","author":"PARKER, M.T.; BALL, L.C.","year":"1976","unstructured":"PARKER, M.T. & BALL, L.C. (1976) Streptococci and aerococci associated with systemic infection in man. Jcurnal of Medical Microbiology, 9, 275.","journal-title":"Jcurnal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700690108","article-title":"Type classification by Lancefield's precipitin method of human and bovine group-B streptococci isolated in Britain","volume":"69","author":"PATTISON, I.H.; MATTHEWS, P.R.J.; MAXTED, W.R.","year":"1955","unstructured":"PATTISON, I.H., MATTHEWS, P.R.J. & MAXTED, W.R. (1955) Type classification by Lancefield's precipitin method of human and bovine group-B streptococci isolated in Britain. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 69, 43.","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"104","article-title":"Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal sepsis in the newborn","volume":"20","author":"QUIRANTE, J.; CASSADY, G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"QUIRANTE, J. & CASSADY, G. (1972) Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal sepsis in the newborn. Clinical Research, 20, 104.","journal-title":"Clinical Research"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1974.02110300069009","article-title":"Group B 13-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the newborn","volume":"128","author":"QUIRANTE, J.; CEBALLOS, R.; CASSADY, G.","year":"1974","unstructured":"QUIRANTE, J., CEBALLOS, R. & CASSADY, G. (1974) Group B 13-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the newborn. I. Early onset infection. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 128, 659.","journal-title":"I. Early onset infection. American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1941.tb03859.x","article-title":"Puerperal infection associated with haemolytic streptococci other than Lancefield's group A","volume":"48","author":"RAMSAY, A.M.; GILLESPIE, M.","year":"1941","unstructured":"RAMSAY, A.M. & GILLESPIE, M. (1941) Puerperal infection associated with haemolytic streptococci other than Lancefield's group A. Journal ofObstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire, 48, 569.","journal-title":"Journal ofObstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-16-4-716","article-title":"Four cases treated with sulphonamides in which the etiological agent was an unusual streptococcus","volume":"16","author":"RANTZ, L.A.","year":"1942","unstructured":"RANTZ, L.A. (1942) Four cases treated with sulphonamides in which the etiological agent was an unusual streptococcus. Annals of Internal Medicine, 16, 716.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/68.2.128","article-title":"The distribution of hemolytic streptococci groups A, B and C in human infections","volume":"68","author":"RANTZ, L.A.; KEEFER, C.S.","year":"1941","unstructured":"RANTZ, L.A. & KEEFER, C.S. (1941) The distribution of hemolytic streptococci groups A, B and C in human infections. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 68, 128.","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194211122272002","article-title":"Hemolytic streptococcus bacteremia: report of 13 cases with special reference to serologic groups of etiologic organisms","volume":"227","author":"RANTZ, L.A.; KIRBY, W.M.M.","year":"1942","unstructured":"RANTZ, L.A. & KIRBY, W.M.M. (1942) Hemolytic streptococcus bacteremia: report of 13 cases with special reference to serologic groups of etiologic organisms. New England Journal of Medicine, 227, 730.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5970.533","article-title":"Emergence of group B streptococci in obstetric and perinatal infections","volume":"2","author":"REID, T.M.S.","year":"1975","unstructured":"REID, T.M.S. (1975) Emergence of group B streptococci in obstetric and perinatal infections. British Medical Journal, 2, 533.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196501000-00003","article-title":"Human infections caused by non-group A or D streptococci","volume":"44","author":"REINARZ, J.A.; SANFORD, J.P.","year":"1965","unstructured":"REINARZ, J.A. & SANFORD, J.P. (1965) Human infections caused by non-group A or D streptococci. Medicine, 44, 81.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"206","article-title":"PrAzipitine im Patientserum bei","volume-title":"Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, I Abteilung: Originale","volume":"154","author":"ROEMER, G.B.; GRON, L.","year":"1949","unstructured":"ROEMER, G.B. & GRON, L. (1949) PrAzipitine im Patientserum bei Streptokokken-infektionen. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, I Abteilung: Originale, 154, 206."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"840","article-title":"Puerperal infecton with vegetative endocarditis: report of sulphanilamide therapy in two fatal cases due to Streptococcus haemolyticus groups B and C","volume":"114","author":"ROSENTHAL, A.H.; STONE, F.M.","year":"1940","unstructured":"ROSENTHAL, A.H. & STONE, F.M. (1940) Puerperal infecton with vegetative endocarditis: report of sulphanilamide therapy in two fatal cases due to Streptococcus haemolyticus groups B and C. Journal of the American Medical Association, 114, 840.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.36.6.937","article-title":"Septicemia due to group B streptococci: report of two siblings presenting with lesions resembling erythema nodosum","volume":"36","author":"SICHERMAN, M.","year":"1965","unstructured":"SICHERMAN, M. (1965) Septicemia due to group B streptococci: report of two siblings presenting with lesions resembling erythema nodosum. Pediatrics, 36, 937.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(75)80311-8","article-title":"Possible nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci in a newborn nursery","volume":"87","author":"STEERE, A.C.; ARBER, R.C.; WARFORD, L.R.; MURPHY, K.E.; FEELEY, J.C.; HAYES, P.S.; WILKINSON, H.W.; FACKLAM, R.R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"STEERE, A.C., ARBER, R.C., WARFORD, L.R., MURPHY, K.E., FEELEY, J.C., HAYES, P.S., WILKINSON, H.W. & FACKLAM, R.R. (1975) Possible nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci in a newborn nursery. Journal of Pediatrics, 87, 784.","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"1401","article-title":"Meningitis f6rarsaget af gruppe B B-haemolytiske streptococci","volume":"80","author":"ToFT, H.; JESPERSEN, C.S.","year":"1968","unstructured":"ToFT, H. & JESPERSEN, C.S. (1968) Meningitis f6rarsaget af gruppe B B-haemolytiske streptococci. Nordisk Medicin, 80, 1401.","journal-title":"Nordisk Medicin"},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"985","article-title":"Meningites du nouveau-n6 et du nourisson A streptocoques du groupe B","volume":"10","author":"WAHL, R.; CAYEUX, P.; DERLOT, E.","year":"1962","unstructured":"WAHL, R., CAYEUX, P. & DERLOT, E. (1962) Meningites du nouveau-n6 et du nourisson A streptocoques du groupe B. Pathologie et Biologie, 10, 985.","journal-title":"Pathologie et Biologie"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"401","article-title":"Group B streptococci in venereal disease clinic patients","volume":"51","author":"WALLIN, J.; FORSGREN, A.","year":"1975","unstructured":"WALLIN, J. & FORSGREN, A. (1975) Group B streptococci in venereal disease clinic patients. British Journal of Venereal Diseases, 51, 401.","journal-title":"British Journal of Venereal Diseases"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.46.4.391-392.1943","article-title":"A note on non-groupA streptococci associated with human infection","volume":"46","author":"WHELLER, S.M.; FOLEY, G.E.","year":"1943","unstructured":"WHELLER, S.M. & FOLEY, G.E. (1943) A note on non-groupA streptococci associated with human infection. Journal of Bacteriology, 46, 391.","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.4.5.596-604.1971","article-title":"Type-specific antigens of group B type Ic streptococci","volume":"4","author":"WILKINSON, H.W.; EAGON, R.G.","year":"1971","unstructured":"WILKINSON, H.W. & EAGON, R.G. (1971) Type-specific antigens of group B type Ic streptococci. Infection and Immunity, 4, 596.","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.8.2.228-235.1973","article-title":"Distribution by serological type of group B streptococci isolated from a variety of clinical material over a five-year period (with special reference to neonatal sepsis and meningitis)","volume":"8","author":"WILKINSON, H.W.; FACKLAM, R.R.; WORTHAM, E.C.","year":"1963","unstructured":"WILKINSON, H.W., FACKLAM, R.R. & WORTHAM, E.C. (1963) Distribution by serological type of group B streptococci isolated from a variety of clinical material over a five-year period (with special reference to neonatal sepsis and meningitis). Infection and Immunity, 8, 228.","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.38.4.661","article-title":"Unusual occurrence of neonatal meningitis due to group B beta-hemolytic streptococci","volume":"38","author":"WINTERBAUER, R.H.; FORTUINE, R.; EICKHOFF, T.C.","year":"1966","unstructured":"WINTERBAUER, R.H., FORTUINE, R. & EICKHOFF, T.C. (1966) Unusual occurrence of neonatal meningitis due to group B beta-hemolytic streptococci. Pediatrics, 38, 661.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.43.5.809","article-title":"Placental transfer of group A streptococcal type-specific antibody","volume":"43","author":"ZIMMERMAN, R.A.; HILL, H.R.","year":"1969","unstructured":"ZIMMERMAN, R.A. & HILL, H.R. (1969) Placental transfer of group A streptococcal type-specific antibody. Pediatrics, 43, 809.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/53\/624\/598\/50185954\/postgradmedj-53-598.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/53\/624\/598\/50185954\/postgradmedj-53-598.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T06:28:05Z","timestamp":1684823285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/53\/624\/598\/7038451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,10,1]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"624","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1977,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.53.624.598","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1977,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,10,1]]}}}