{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:17:05Z","timestamp":1782602225070,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"671","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1981,9,1]],"date-time":"1981-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":368150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The incidence of renal vein thrombosis (RVT) and other thrombo-embolic phenomena was evaluated in 44 unselected patients with nephrotic syndrome. Renal vein thrombosis was demonstrated by selective renal venography in 10 patients and at post-mortem in one. Extension of the thrombus from the renal veins into the inferior vena cava was seen in 3 patients. Evidence of thrombo-embolism elsewhere in the body was seen in the form of thrombophlebitis in the lower extremities in 4 patients (9.1%), pulmonary embolism in 3 (6.8%) and myocardial infarction in one (2.3%).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Of the 11 patients with RVT, renal histology showed membranous glomerulonephritis in 3, minimal change nephritis in 5, membrano-proliferative in one and focal and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis in one patient each. The characteristics clinical findings such as gross haematuria and flank pain were noted in only 3 patients with RVT. No significant difference could be detected between the plasma fibrinogen, serum cholesterol, \u03b2-lipoprotein, triglycerides and phospholipid concentration of those who showed RVT and the remainder in whom RVT was not demonstrated. The possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of RVT in nephrotic syndrome are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.57.671.566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T20:43:59Z","timestamp":1230583439000},"page":"566-570","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Renal vein thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome\u2014a prospective study and review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"K S","family":"Chugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H S","family":"Uberoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V K","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M L","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P C","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S K","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90064-8","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome, renal vein thrombosis and renal failure","volume":"54","author":"BALABANIAN, M.B.; SCHNETZLER, D.E.; KALOYANIDES, G.J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"BALABANIAN, M.B., SCHNETZLER, D.E. & KALOYANIDES, G.J. (1973) Nephrotic syndrome, renal vein thrombosis and renal failure. American Journal of Medicine, 54, 768.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-83-4-577","article-title":"Renal vein thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome","volume":"83","author":"BENNET, W.W.","year":"1975","unstructured":"BENNET, W.W. (1975) Renal vein thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome. Annals ofInternal Medicine, 83, 577.","journal-title":"Annals ofInternal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(69)90021-7","article-title":"Blood lipids and lipoproteins in atherogenesis","volume":"46","author":"BROWN, D.F.","year":"1969","unstructured":"BROWN, D.F. (1969) Blood lipids and lipoproteins in atherogenesis. American Journal of Medicine, 46, 691.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(77)90277-7","article-title":"Chronic renal vein thrombosis","volume":"63","author":"CADE, J.R.; SPOONER, G.; JUNCOS, L.; FULLER, T.; TARRANT, D.; RAULERSON, D.; MAHONEY, J.; PICKERING, M.; GRUBB, W.; MARBURY, T.","year":"1977","unstructured":"CADE, J.R., SPOONER, G., JUNCOS, L., FULLER, T., TARRANT, D., RAULERSON, D., MAHONEY, J., PICKERING, M., GRUBB, W. & MARBURY, T. (1977) Chronic renal vein thrombosis. American Journal of Medicine, 63, 387.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1148\/90.5.886","article-title":"Renal vein thrombosis","volume":"90","author":"CHAIT, A.; STOANE, L.; MOSKOWITZ, H.; MELLINS, H.Z.","year":"1968","unstructured":"CHAIT, A., STOANE, L., MOSKOWITZ, H. & MELLINS, H.Z. (1968) Renal vein thrombosis. Radiology, 90, 886.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1363","article-title":"Thrombose des veines r6nales et n6phrose lipolidique","volume":"2","author":"DEPARIS, M.; ACQUIER, L.; CANIVET, J.; LEVILLAIN, R.; LISSAC, J.","year":"1954","unstructured":"DEPARIS, M., ACQUIER, L., CANIVET, J., LEVILLAIN, R. & LISSAC, J. (1954) Thrombose des veines r6nales et n6phrose lipolidique. Presse medicale, 2, 1363.","journal-title":"Presse medicale"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1939.00180210019002","article-title":"Chronic progressive occlusion of inferior vena cava and the renal and portal veins","volume":"63","author":"DEROW, H.A.; SCHLESINGER, M.J.; SAVITZ, H.A.","year":"1939","unstructured":"DEROW, H.A., SCHLESINGER, M.J. & SAVITZ, H.A. (1939) Chronic progressive occlusion of inferior vena cava and the renal and portal veins. Archives of Internal Medicine, 63, 626.","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"633","article-title":"Renal vein thrombosis and the nephrotic syndrome","volume":"54","author":"DUFFY, J.L.; LETTERI, J.; CLINQUE, T.; Hsu, P.P.; MOLHO, L.; CHURG, J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"DUFFY, J.L., LETTERI, J., CLINQUE, T., Hsu, P.P., MOLHO, L. & CHURG, J. (1973) Renal vein thrombosis and the nephrotic syndrome. American Journal of Medicine, 54, 633.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1148\/93.4.793","article-title":"Epinephrine-assisted renal venography in renal vein thrombosis: report of two adolescents with nephrotic syndrome","volume":"93","author":"GYEPES, M.T.; DESILETS, D.T.; GRAY, R.K.; KATZ, R.M.","year":"1969","unstructured":"GYEPES, M.T., DESILETS, D.T., GRAY, R.K. & KATZ, R.M. (1969) Epinephrine-assisted renal venography in renal vein thrombosis: report of two adolescents with nephrotic syndrome. Radiology, 93, 793.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"285","article-title":"Clinical aspect of renal vein thrombosis","volume":"25","author":"HARRISON, C.V.; MILNE, M.D.; STEINER, R.E.","year":"1956","unstructured":"HARRISON, C.V., MILNE, M.D. & STEINER, R.E. (1956) Clinical aspect of renal vein thrombosis. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 25, 285.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"367","article-title":"The nephrotic syndrome and renal vein thrombosis","volume":"132","author":"KAPLAN, B.S.; CHESNEY, R.W.; DRUMMOND, K.N.","year":"1978","unstructured":"KAPLAN, B.S., CHESNEY, R.W. & DRUMMOND, K.N. (1978) The nephrotic syndrome and renal vein thrombosis. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 132, 367.","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(78)90848-3","article-title":"Acquired anti-thrombin III deficiency and thrombosis in the nephrotic syndrome","volume":"65","author":"KAUFFMANN, R.H.; VELKAMP, J.J.; TILBURG, V.A.N.; H., N.; VANES, L.A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"KAUFFMANN, R.H., VELKAMP, J.J., VAN TILBURG, N.H. & VANES, L.A. (1978) Acquired anti-thrombin III deficiency and thrombosis in the nephrotic syndrome. American Journal of Medicine, 65, 607.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1971.00310180037003","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome: a hypercoagulable state","volume":"127","author":"KENDALL, A.G.; LOHMANN, R.C.; DOSSETOR, J.B.","year":"1971","unstructured":"KENDALL, A.G., LOHMANN, R.C. & DOSSETOR, J.B. (1971) Nephrotic syndrome: a hypercoagulable state. Archives of Internal Medicine, 127, 1021.","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-83-1-8","article-title":"Renal vein thrombosis and nephrotic syndrome: a prospective study of 36 adult patients","volume":"83","author":"LLACH, F.; ARIEFF, A.I.; MASSRY, S.G.","year":"1975","unstructured":"LLACH, F., ARIEFF, A.I. & MASSRY, S.G. (1975 Renal vein thrombosis and nephrotic syndrome: a prospective study of 36 adult patients. Annals of Internal Medicine, 83, 8.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1977.03630150039012","article-title":"On the incidence of renal vein thrombosis in the nephrotic syndrome","volume":"137","author":"LLACH, F.; KOFFLER, A.; FLINCK, E.; MASSRY, S.G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"LLACH, F., KOFFLER, A., FLINCK, E. & MASSRY, S.G. (1977) On the incidence of renal vein thrombosis in the nephrotic syndrome. Archives of Internal Medicine, 137, 333.","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.125.2.291","article-title":"The specificity of renal vein thrombosis","volume":"125","author":"MULHERN, C.B.; ARGER, P.H.; MILLER, W.T.; CHAIT, A.","year":"1975","unstructured":"MULHERN, C.B., ARGER, P.H., MILLER, W.T. & CHAIT, A. (1975) The specificity of renal vein thrombosis. American Journal of Roentgenology, 125, 291","journal-title":"American Journal of Roentgenology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1966.11695942","article-title":"Renal vein thrombosis","volume":"40","author":"POLLAK, V.E.; KANTER, A.; ZALTZMAN, S.","year":"1966","unstructured":"POLLAK, V.E., KANTER, A. & ZALTZMAN, S. (1966a) Renal vein thrombosis. Postgraduate Medicine, 40, 282.","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medicine"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(56)90067-5","article-title":"Renal vein thrombosis and the nephrotic syndrome","volume":"21","author":"POLLAK, V.E.; KARK, R.M.; PIRANI, C.L.; SHAFTER, H.A.; MEUHRCKE, R.C.","year":"1956","unstructured":"POLLAK, V.E, KARK, R M, PIRANI, C L., SHAFTER, H.A. & MEUHRCKE, R.C. (1956) Renal vein thrombosis and the nephrotic syndrome. American Journal of Medicine, 21, 496.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-65-5-1056","article-title":"Bilateral renal vein thrombosis: clinical and electron micrographical studies of a case with complete recovery after anticoagulant therapy","volume":"65","author":"POLLAK, V.E.; PIRANI, C.L.; SESKIND, C.; GRIEFEL, B.","year":"1966","unstructured":"POLLAK, V.E., PIRANI, C.L., SESKIND, C. & GRIEFEL, B. (1966b) Bilateral renal vein thrombosis: clinical and electron micrographical studies of a case with complete recovery after anticoagulant therapy. Annals of Internal Medicine, 65, 1056.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"269","article-title":"Traite des Maladies des Veines","author":"RAYER, P.F.O.","year":"1840","unstructured":"RAYER, P.F.O. (1840) Traite des Maladies des Veines, p. 269. Bailliere, Paris."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196807000-00001","article-title":"Renal vein thrombosis in the adult: a clinical and pathological study based on renal biopsies","volume":"47","author":"ROSENMANN, E.; POLLAK, V.E.; PIRANI, C.L.","year":"1968","unstructured":"ROSENMANN, E., POLLAK, V.E. & PIRANI, C L. (1968) Renal vein thrombosis in the adult: a clinical and pathological study based on renal biopsies. Medicine, 47, 269.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"576","article-title":"The nephrotic syndrome. In: Diseases of the","author":"SCHREINER, G.E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"SCHREINER, G.E. (1971) The nephrotic syndrome. In: Diseases of the Kidney (Ed by Strauss, M.B. & Welt, L.G.), 2nd edn, p. 576.","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"399","article-title":"Changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in the nephrotic syndrome","volume":"43","author":"THOMSON, C.; FORBES, C.D.; PRENTICE, C.R.M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"THOMSON, C., FORBES, C.D. & PRENTICE, C.R.M. (1974) Changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in the nephrotic syndrome. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 43, 399.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197801000-00005","article-title":"Renal vein thrombosis in membranous glomerulonephropathy: incidence and association","volume":"57","author":"TREW, R.A.; BIAVA, C.G.; JACOBS, R.P.; HOPPER, J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"TREW, R.A., BIAVA, C.G., JACOBS, R.P. & HOPPER, J. (1978) Renal vein thrombosis in membranous glomerulonephropathy: incidence and association. Medicine, 57, 69.","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/57\/671\/566\/49290881\/postgradmedj-57-566.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/57\/671\/566\/49290881\/postgradmedj-57-566.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T13:24:47Z","timestamp":1681997087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/57\/671\/566\/7050392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,9,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"671","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.57.671.566","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1981,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,9,1]]}}}