{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T22:42:40Z","timestamp":1770504160426,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"700","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]],"date-time":"1984-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":444441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The causes of death, as determined by autopsy, in 10 patients dying from the acute effects of phaeochromocytoma were myocardial infarction (five patients), left ventricular failure (two patients), cerebral haemorrhage (two patients) and circulatory collapse with malignant phaeochromocytoma (one patient). Most patients died shortly after admission during the course of a fulminant cardiovascular illness and the underlying tumour was unsuspected in eight instances. The clinical features and post-mortem cardiovascular findings are reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.60.700.111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T20:58:16Z","timestamp":1230584296000},"page":"111-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Phaeochromocytoma and acute cardiovascular death (with special reference to myocardial infarction)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"C. D.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cape Town Medical School and Groote Schuur Hospital , Observatory, 7925, Cape, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Dent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cape Town Medical School and Groote Schuur Hospital , Observatory, 7925, Cape, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Hotchkiss et","author":"(years) Sex Bell, Age","year":"1957","unstructured":"Age (years) Sex Bell et al., 1962 Boldt et al., 1957 Cushman, 1962 Hotchkiss et at., 1967"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Wilkens et","author":"et at, Huddle","year":"1982","unstructured":"Huddle et at., 1982 Priest, 1952 Rossi et al., 1968 Wilkens et at., 1952"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Infarction has been described as painless in some patients (Boldt et al., 1957) and may occur with or without demonstrable coronary artery disease","volume-title":"This analysis would support these contentions. Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischaemia is not uncommon in phaeochromocytoma (Boldt et al., 1957) and this is most likely to be related to the presence of coronary artery atheroma. Six of our 10 patients had significant vessel disease. Van Vliet and his co-workers found significant atheroma and more than 25% coronary vessel narrowing in 14 out of 26 patients whose hearts were examined histologically (Van Vliet, Burchell and Titus, 1966). A striking observation in our series was the finding of inappropriate atheroma for age in two cases: a 20-year-old female (case 9) who died of a cerebral haemorrhage had severe atheroma and a 32","year":"1977","unstructured":"Infarction has been described as painless in some patients (Boldt et al., 1957) and may occur with or without demonstrable coronary artery disease (Engelman, 1977). This analysis would support these contentions. Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischaemia is not uncommon in phaeochromocytoma (Boldt et al., 1957) and this is most likely to be related to the presence of coronary artery atheroma. Six of our 10 patients had significant vessel disease. Van Vliet and his co-workers found significant atheroma and more than 25% coronary vessel narrowing in 14 out of 26 patients whose hearts were examined histologically (Van Vliet, Burchell and Titus, 1966). A striking observation in our series was the finding of inappropriate atheroma for age in two cases: a 20-year-old female (case 9) who died of a cerebral haemorrhage had severe atheroma and a 32-"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"narrowing of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Platelet aggregation stimulated by increased catecholamines has been postulated as a pathophysiological mechanism for severe irreversible postoperative pulmonary oedema","volume-title":"This, however, was not demonstrated in our patient (case 8) who had both narrowing of the coronary vessels and a catecholamine cardiomyopathy. Conceivably both of these factors contributed to her sudden pulmonary oedema and death","year":"1981","unstructured":"narrowing of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Platelet aggregation stimulated by increased catecholamines has been postulated as a pathophysiological mechanism for severe irreversible postoperative pulmonary oedema (Sutton et al., 1981). This, however, was not demonstrated in our patient (case 8) who had both narrowing of the coronary vessels and a catecholamine cardiomyopathy. Conceivably both of these factors contributed to her sudden pulmonary oedema and death."},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"These findings raise several clinical issues. Firstly, phaeochromocytoma should be considered in all patients presenting with an acute cardiovascular illness, particularly when conventional therapy fails to achieve control. Secondly, as it appears that the disease is associated with severe atheroma and cardiac disease and indeed may predispose to it, and as the actuarial survival for those patients who have had successful surgical resection is the same as for normal people","volume-title":"urge that early diagnosis and treatment may prevent the cardiac morbidity and mortality","year":"1974","unstructured":"These findings raise several clinical issues. Firstly, phaeochromocytoma should be considered in all patients presenting with an acute cardiovascular illness, particularly when conventional therapy fails to achieve control. Secondly, as it appears that the disease is associated with severe atheroma and cardiac disease and indeed may predispose to it, and as the actuarial survival for those patients who have had successful surgical resection is the same as for normal people (Remine et al., 1974), we urge that early diagnosis and treatment may prevent the cardiac morbidity and mortality."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"544","article-title":"Cardiomyopathy associated with a phaeochromocytoma","volume":"93","author":"ALPERT, L.; PAI, S.J.; ZAK, F.F.; WERTHAMER, S.","year":"1972","unstructured":"ALPERT, L., PAI, S.J., ZAK, F.F. & WERTHAMER, S. (1972) Cardiomyopathy associated with a phaeochromocytoma. Archives of Pathology, 93, 544.","journal-title":"Archives of Pathology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(72)90410-3","article-title":"Phaeochromocytoma without hypertension presenting as cardiomyopathy","volume":"83","author":"BAKER, G.; ZETLER, N.; WERTZNER, S.; LEACH, J.; ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"BAKER, G., ZETLER, N., WERTZNER, S., LEACH, J. & ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (1972) Phaeochromocytoma without hypertension presenting as cardiomyopathy. American Heart Journal, 83, 688.","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-57-3-406","article-title":"Some vagaries of phaeochromocytoma. Four illustrative cases","volume":"57","author":"BELL, M.; BLAKEMORE, W.; ROSE, E.","year":"1962","unstructured":"BELL, M., BLAKEMORE, W. & ROSE, E. (1962) Some vagaries of phaeochromocytoma. Four illustrative cases. Annals of Internal Medicine, 57, 406.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-46-6-1165","article-title":"Phaeochromocytoma associated with painless myocardial infarction","volume":"46","author":"BOLDT, M.; FLEXNER, M.; ORTNER, A.","year":"1957","unstructured":"BOLDT, M., FLEXNER, M. & ORTNER, A. (1957) Phaeochromocytoma associated with painless myocardial infarction. Annals of Internal Medicine, 46, 1165.","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(62)90126-2","article-title":"Familial endocrine tumours","volume":"32","author":"CUSHMAN, P.","year":"1962","unstructured":"CUSHMAN, P. (1962) Familial endocrine tumours. American Journal of Medicine, 32, 352.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)37890-2","article-title":"Acute phaeochromocytoma","volume":"46","author":"EGDAHL, R.H.; CHOBANIAN, A.V.","year":"1966","unstructured":"EGDAHL, R.H. & CHOBANIAN, A.V. (1966) Acute phaeochromocytoma. Surgical Clinics of North America, 46, 645.","journal-title":"Surgical Clinics of North America"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-595X(77)80079-0","article-title":"Phaeochromocytoma","volume":"6","author":"ENGELMAN, K.","year":"1977","unstructured":"ENGELMAN, K. (1977) Phaeochromocytoma. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 6, 769.","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_13","article-title":"Phaeochromocytoma and myocardial infarction","volume":"281","author":"GUPTA, K.","year":"1975","unstructured":"GUPTA, K. (1975) Phaeochromocytoma and myocardial infarction. Lancet, i, 281.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_14","author":"HOTCHKIss, R.; DAVIDSON, A.; MESSINA, E.; REDISCH, W.","year":"1967","unstructured":"HOTCHKIss, R., DAVIDSON, A., MESSINA, E. & REDISCH, W. (1967)"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"286","article-title":"Phaeochromocytoma case reports","volume":"61","author":"HUDDLE, K.R.L.; BISCEGLIE, D.A.; FELDMAN, C.","year":"1982","unstructured":"HUDDLE, K.R.L., BISCEGLIE, D.A. & FELDMAN, C. (1982) Phaeochromocytoma case reports. South African Medical Journal, 61, 286.","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"139","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of the beta antagonists-Review article","volume":"54","author":"LUBBE, W.F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"LUBBE, W.F. (1978) Clinical usefulness of the beta antagonists-Review article. South African Medical Journal, 54, 139.","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800660704","article-title":"Phaeochromocytoma in 72 patients: clinical and diagnostic features, treatment and longterm results","volume":"66","author":"MODLIN, I.M.; FARNDON, J.R.; SHEPHERD, A.; JOHNSTON, I.D.A.; KENNEDY, T.L.; MONTGOMERY, D.A.D.; WELBOUN, R.B.","year":"1979","unstructured":"MODLIN, I.M., FARNDON, J.R., SHEPHERD, A., JOHNSTON, I.D.A., KENNEDY, T.L., MONTGOMERY, D.A.D. & WELBOUN, R.B. (1979) Phaeochromocytoma in 72 patients: clinical and diagnostic features, treatment and longterm results. British Journal of Surgery, 66, 456.","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"721","article-title":"Improvement in prognosis of myocardial infarction by long term beta adrenoceptor blockade using practolol","volume":"3","author":"STUDY, M.U.L.T.I.C.E.N.T.R.E.I.N.T.E.R.N.A.T.I.O.N.A.L.","year":"1975","unstructured":"MULTICENTRE INTERNATIONAL STUDY (1975) Improvement in prognosis of myocardial infarction by long term beta adrenoceptor blockade using practolol. British Medical Journal, 3, 721.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_19","article-title":"Drugs and the heart","volume":"693","author":"OPIE, L.H.","year":"1980","unstructured":"OPIE, L.H. (1980) Drugs and the heart. Lancet i, 693.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4789.860","article-title":"Phaeochromocytoma with fatal myocardial infarction in a man aged 22","volume":"2","author":"PRIEST, W.M.","year":"1952","unstructured":"PRIEST, W.M. (1952) Phaeochromocytoma with fatal myocardial infarction in a man aged 22. British Medical Journal, 2, 860.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197405000-00029","article-title":"Current management of phaeochromocytoma","volume":"179","author":"REMINE, W.; CHONG, G.C.; HEERDEN, V.A.N.; A., J.; SHELDON, G.; SHEPS, M.D.; EDGAR, G.; HARRISON, J.R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"REMINE, W., CHONG, G.C., VAN HEERDEN, J.A., SHELDON, G., SHEPS, M.D., EDGAR, G. & HARRISON, J.R. (1974) Current management of phaeochromocytoma. Annals of Surgery, 179, 740.","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Catecholamine induced myocardial damage associated with phaeochromocytoma and tetanus","volume":"48","author":"ROSE, A.G.","year":"1974","unstructured":"ROSE, A.G. (1974) Catecholamine induced myocardial damage associated with phaeochromocytoma and tetanus. South African Medical Journal, 48, 1285.","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1968.03140340017004","article-title":"Techniques, usefulness and hazards of arteriography of phaeochromocytoma. Review of 99 cases","volume":"205","author":"P., RosSIM; YOUNG, I.S.; PANKE, W.","year":"1968","unstructured":"RosSIM P., YOUNG, I.S. & PANKE, W. (1968) Techniques, usefulness and hazards of arteriography of phaeochromocytoma. Review of 99 cases. Journal of the American Medical Association, 205, 547.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.58.676.110","article-title":"Normotensive cardiomyopathy and malignant hypertension in phaeochromocytoma","volume":"58","author":"SHAPIRO, L.M.; TRETHOWAN, N.; SINGH, S.P.","year":"1982","unstructured":"SHAPIRO, L.M., TRETHOWAN, N. & SINGH, S.P. (1982) Normotensive cardiomyopathy and malignant hypertension in phaeochromocytoma. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 58, 110.","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_25","series-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings","first-page":"354","article-title":"Prevalence of clinically unsuspected phaeochromocytoma-review of a 50 year autopsy series","volume":"56","author":"SUTTON, M.G.; SCHEEPO, S.G.; LIE, J.T.","year":"1981","unstructured":"SUTTON, M.G., SCHEEPO, S.G. & LIE, J.T. (1981) Prevalence of clinically unsuspected phaeochromocytoma-review of a 50 year autopsy series. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 56, 354."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196605192742002","article-title":"Focal myocarditis associated with phaeochromocytoma","volume":"274","author":"VLIET, V.A.N.; P., B.U.R.C.H.E.L.L.; B., H.; TITUS, J.L.","year":"1966","unstructured":"VAN VLIET, P., BURCHELL, H.B. & TITUS, J.L. (1966) Focal myocarditis associated with phaeochromocytoma. New England Journal of Medicine, 274, 1102.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref_27","article-title":"Phaeochromocytoma. Current Problems in Surgery","author":"VAN, W.A.Y.; C., S.C.O.T.T.; W., H.; PAGE, D.; RHAMY, R.","year":"1974","unstructured":"VAN WAY, C., SCOTT, H.W., PAGE, D. & RHAMY, R. (1974) Phaeochromocytoma. Current Problems in Surgery. June."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"677","article-title":"Phaeochromocytoma","volume":"112","author":"WEINBERGER, M.A.","year":"1963","unstructured":"WEINBERGER, M.A. (1963) Phaeochromocytoma. Archives of International Medicine, 112, 677.","journal-title":"Archives of International Medicine"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"51","article-title":"Extensive laboratory studies of a patient with phaeochromocytoma before and after successful operation","volume":"86","author":"WILKENS, R.M.; GREER, W.E.R.; CULBERTSON, J.W.; HALPERIN, M.H.; LITTER, J.; BURNETT, C.H.; SMITHWICK, R.H.","year":"1952","unstructured":"WILKENS, R.M., GREER, W.E.R., CULBERTSON, J.W., HALPERIN, M.H., LITTER, J., BURNETT, C.H. & SMITHWICK, R.H. (1952) Extensive laboratory studies of a patient with phaeochromocytoma before and after successful operation (1950). Archives of International Medicine, 86, 51.","journal-title":"Archives of International Medicine"},{"key":"ref_30","author":"Accepted 29","year":"1983","unstructured":"(Accepted 29 June 1983)"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/60\/700\/111\/50201414\/postgradmedj-60-111.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/60\/700\/111\/50201414\/postgradmedj-60-111.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T08:52:30Z","timestamp":1683276750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/60\/700\/111\/7048146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"700","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.60.700.111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]}}}